Dates to Remember...

[Heathcliff]

Turkey 1922 Turkey Constantinople Wednesday, 13th Sept. 1922 : Following the Turkish Victory in Constantinople, crowds have taken to the streets and are attacking Greek churches and homes and destroying them . The Turkish troops have been dispatched to keep order. The spread of Typhus and the Plague are now reaching epidemic proportions but authorities are insisting they do no not wish aid in the form of medical assistance from neighboring countries.

[carlo1225]

 
September 15, 1898: the Malolos Congress convened in Barasoain Church in Malolos...


On September 15, 1898, the Malolos Congress opened in Barasoain Church with 95 delegates from various parts of the country gathered to begin the national convention of the Philippine revolutionary government.
Pedro A. Paterno was elected President of Congress. The man whom the revolutionists had so satirically admonished for his leaning towards Spanish sovereignty less than 4 months before, was chosen to guide the political destinies of this budding democracy and preside over their republican legislative body.

Benito Legarda and Pablo Ocampo were chosen to be Vice-President and Secretary respectively.

Election of the Malolos Congress delegates was held between June 23 and September 10 following the declaration of independence from Spain on June 12, 1898 at Kawit, Cavite, and the transformation of the dictatorial government to a revolutionary government on June 23.

On September 29, the "June 12 Declaration of independence" was ratified. The congress then drafted a Constitution, a decision which was opposed by Apolinario Mabini, the Prime Minister of the revolutionary government or President of the Council of Government.

The resulting Malolos Constitution was ratified on November 29, 1898, signed into law on December 23, approved on January 20, 1899, sanctioned by President Emilio Aguinaldo on January 21, and promulgated on January 22 1899.



ps: this day also is a ~happy Fifteen~... day! 

[Heathcliff]

Today in Philippine History September 16, 1807, the Basi Revolt broke out in Piddig, Ilocos Norte


On September 16, 1807, the Basi Revolt, also known as the Ambaristo Revolt, broke out in Piddig, Ilocos Norte, arising from the Spanish rulers' banning of the private manufacture of the local wine called "basi".

As Ilocanos were forced to buy from government stores, wine-loving Ilocanos, led by Salarogo Ambaristo and Pedro Mateo, rose in revolt, which later spread to nearby towns.

Spanish troops eventually quelled the revolt on September 28, 1807.

"Basi" is the local beverage of the Ilocos, where it has been consumed even before the Spanish conquest.

Notably, in San Ildefonso town in Ilocos Sur, a non-working holiday is declared every September 16 in commemoration of the Basi Revolt. In nearby Naguilian, La Union, a Basi Festival is held annually.


Source: Philippine News Agency archives




offtopic:


...may kasabay pala ang happy fifteen ha, thanks Sir for sharing that info about the Barasoin Church...

[tonistork]

It only proves na makikipagpatayan ang mga ilokano pagdating sa alak (basi), he he he. . pagbawalan ba naman ng mga espanyol eh buti sana kung may emperador na noon.

[Heathcliff]

On this day, September 16, 1932, in his cell at Yerovda Jail near Bombay, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi begins a hunger strike in protest of the British government’s decision to separate India’s electoral system by caste.

A leader in the Indian campaign for home rule, Gandhi worked all his life to spread his own brand of passive resistance across India and the world. By 1920, his concept of Satyagraha (or “insistence upon truth”) had made Gandhi an enormously influential figure for millions of followers. Jailed by the British government from 1922-24, he withdrew from political action for a time during the 1920s but in 1930 returned with a new civil disobedience campaign. This landed Gandhi in prison again, but only briefly, as the British made concessions to his demands and invited him to represent the Indian National Congress Party at a round-table conference in London.

After his return to India in January 1932, Gandhi wasted no time beginning another civil disobedience campaign, for which he was jailed yet again. Eight months later, Gandhi announced he was beginning a “fast unto death” in order to protest British support of a new Indian constitution, which gave the country’s lowest classes–known as “untouchables”–their own separate political representation for a period of 70 years. Gandhi believed this would permanently and unfairly divide India’s social classes. A member of the more powerful Vaisya, or merchant caste, Gandhi nonetheless advocated the emancipation of the untouchables, whom he called Harijans, or “Children of God.”

“This is a god-given opportunity that has come to me,” Gandhi said from his prison cell at Yerovda, “to offer my life as a final sacrifice to the downtrodden.” Though other public figures in India–including Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambdekar, the official political representative of the untouchables–had questioned Gandhi’s true commitment to the lower classes, his six-day fast ended after the British government accepted the principal terms of a settlement between higher caste Indians and the untouchables that reversed the separation decision.

As India slowly moved towards independence, Gandhi’s influence only grew. He continued to resort to the hunger strike as a method of resistance, knowing the British government would not be able to withstand the pressure of the public’s concern for the man they called Mahatma, or “Great Soul.” On January 12, 1948, Gandhi undertook his last successful fast in New Delhi, to persuade Hindus and Muslims in that city to work toward peace. On January 30, less than two weeks after breaking that fast, he was assassinated by a Hindu extremist on his way to an evening prayer meeting.


~credits to the source

[carlo1225]

offtopic:


...may kasabay pala ang happy fifteen ha, thanks Sir for sharing that info about the Barasoain Church...

eh kasi nga miss Schy...Barasoain Church = 15 din... 


September 18, 1891: Dr. Jose Rizal's El Filibusterismo was published in Ghent, Belgium

On September 18, 1891, the second novel of Dr. Jose Rizal, El Filibusterismo (Reign of Greed), written in Spanish and a sequel to Noli Me Tangere, was published in Ghent, Belgium.

Rizal, who began writing El Filibusterismo in October 1887 in Calamba, Laguna, revised some chapters while he was in London and completed the book on March 29, 1891.

Rizal wrote El Filibusterismo in dedication to the three martyred priests Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, expressing conviction that their treatment and deaths at the hands of the Spanish authorities was unjust.

Plots are poles apart compared with Noli Me Tangere, where people were encouraged to ask and aspire for change and liberation, in El Filibusterismo, Rizal urged the society to open its eyes to reality and rebel against the Spanish government for its oppression and abuse.

In Noli Me Tangere, there is aspiration, beauty, romance, and mercy. In El Filibusterismo, readers will feel is bitterness, hatred, and antipathy. The romance and aspirations are gone. Even the characters' personalities seem to have undergone radical change.

[naruto789544]

correct... el fili was meant to arouse the sentiments of the populace to stand up and fight for their rights against tyranny and oppression...

[carlo1225]

September 19, 1985: Mexico Suffers Devastating Earthquake...


A massive earthquake has hit Mexico not far from its capital, Mexico City, causing untold casualties and widespread damage.
Officials say at least 170 people have been killed and thousands injured, but it is feared the death toll may rise into the thousands.

The quake hit the west coast near the resort town of Acapulco early this morning, and was measured by the US Geological Survey at a magnitude of 7.8.

It lasted for 50 seconds, and devastated three states on the Pacific coast.

"A part of a mountain just slid away, falling on the peasants who were just getting up to go to work," said Lieutenant Manuel Sanchez, from the fire department's headquarters in the state of Jalisco.

[carlo1225]

October 3, 1900: Mabini was released from prison upon orders of the American authorities
 

On October 3, 1900, Apolinario Mabini, the "Brains of the Revolution”, who was captured by American soldiers in Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija in December, 1899, was released from imprisonment at the Anda Jail upon orders of the American authorities.

He went on live in Nagtahan.

Destitute and unemployed, Mabini was supported by his friends, Drs. Isidro de Santos and Aquilino Calvo.

The following year, Mabini would be re-arrested and deported to Guam along with other leaders of the revolution.

credit to: Pambansang Komisyong Pangkasaysayan

[Heathcliff]

October 7, 1506 Pope Julius II and France occupy Bologna.

The Fearsome Pope



The warlike Julius II personally directed the campaign against both, setting out at the head of his army on 26 August, 1506. Perugia surrendered without any bloodshed on 13 September, and the pope proceeded towards Bologna. On 7 October he issued a Bill deposing and excommunicating Giovanni Bentivoglio and placing the city under interdict. Bentivoglio fled, and Julius II entered Bologna triumphantly on 10 November.

[carlo1225]

October 8, 1871: Great Chicago Fire Begins...
 

On this day in 1871, flames spark in the Chicago barn of Patrick and Catherine O’Leary, igniting a two-day blaze that kills between 200 and 300 people, destroys 17,450 buildings, leaves 100,000 homeless and causes an estimated $200 million (in 1871 dollars; $3 billion in 2007 dollars) in damages. Legend has it that a cow kicked over a lantern in the O’Leary barn and started the fire, but other theories hold that humans or even a comet may have been responsible for the event that left four square miles of the Windy City, including its business district, in ruins. Dry weather and an abundance of wooden buildings, streets and sidewalks made Chicago vulnerable to fire. The city averaged two fires per day in 1870; there were 20 fires throughout Chicago the week before the Great Fire of 1871.

Despite the fire’s devastation, much of Chicago’s physical infrastructure, including its water, sewage and transportation systems, remained intact. Reconstruction efforts began quickly and spurred great economic development and population growth, as architects laid the foundation for a modern city featuring the world’s first skyscrapers. At the time of the fire, Chicago’s population was approximately 324,000; within nine years, there were 500,000 Chicagoans. By 1893, the city was a major economic and transportation hub with an estimated population of 1.5 million. That same year, Chicago was chosen to host the World’s Columbian Exposition, a major tourist attraction visited by 27.5 million people, or approximately half the U.S. population at the time.

[Heathcliff]

On this day in 1967, socialist revolutionary and guerilla leader Che Guevara, age 39, is killed by the Bolivian army. The U.S.-military-backed Bolivian forces captured Guevara on October 8 while battling his band of guerillas in Bolivia and assassinated him the following day. His hands were cut off as proof of death and his body was buried in an unmarked grave. In 1997, Guevara’s remains were found and sent back to Cuba, where they were reburied in a ceremony attended by President Fidel Castro and thousands of Cubans.

Ernesto Rafael Guevara de la Serna was born to a well-off family in Argentina in 1928. While studying medicine at the University of Buenos Aires, he took time off to travel around South America on a motorcycle; during this time, he witnessed the poverty and oppression of the lower classes. He received a medical degree in 1953 and continued his travels around Latin America, becoming involved with left-wing organizations. In the mid 1950s, Guevara met up with Fidel Castro and his group of exiled revolutionaries in Mexico. Guevara played a key role in Castro’s seizure of power from Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 and later served as Castro’s right-hand man and minister of industry. Guevara strongly opposed U.S. domination in Latin America and advocated peasant-based revolutions to combat social injustice in Third World countries. Castro later described him as “an artist of revolutionary warfare.”

Guevara resigned—some say he was dismissed—from his Cuban government post in April 1965, possibly over differences with Castro about the nation’s economic and foreign policies. Guevara then disappeared from Cuba, traveled to Africa and eventually resurfaced in Bolivia, where he was killed. Following his death, Guevara achieved hero status among people around the world as a symbol of anti-imperialism and revolution. A 1960 photo taken by Alberto Korda of Guevara in a beret became iconic and has since appeared on countless posters and T-shirts. However, not everyone considers Guevara a hero: He is accused, among other things, of ordering the deaths of hundreds of people in Cuban prisons during the revolution.



~"The revolution is not an apple that falls when it is ripe. You have to make it fall.
Silence is argument carried out by other means.
I know you are here to kill me. Shoot, coward, you are only going to kill a man."

[naruto789544]

now i know who che guevarra is... i am always curious on why his face appears on shirts and other items.. thanks for sharing mam @Schy   

[carlo1225]

October 11, 1898: The Manila Times was Founded...
 

On October 11, 1898, The Manila Times, the first daily newspaper in the Philippines, was founded by Thomas Gowan.
The Manila Times was published to meet the demand of an American paper in Manila, demand mainly from men of the United States Army who had occupied Manila.

The newspaper was founded shortly after the news that the Treaty of Paris would be signed, ending the Spanish American War and transferring the Philippines from Spanish to American sovereignty. The treaty of Paris was signed on December 10, 1898.

Gowan hired a small printing press, Chofre y Compania, to put up the paper. The printing press was located on Calle Alix, now Legarda Street, in Sampaloc, Manila. The paper, however, had a downtown office on the Escolta.

The first issue of The Manila Times had a sheet of two leaves, or four pages, measuring about 12 by 8 inches, each page divided into two columns. The first editorial read:

"Since the United States forces have been in the Philippines, there has been a keen demand for an American newspaper here with a daily supply of American news. Several schemes have been talked about, but we have come to nothing. We have not talked about The Manila Times but we have been working, and hoped to complete the arrangements in a few days. Now we have the news of such importance that we feel compelled to publish it promptly, instead of holding it back until completion of our plans. The Manila public will readily see that news in this issue [is] of such a nature as to demand immediate publication, and to excuse defects in the manner of publishing. What The manila times lacks in quantity, it makes up in quality, today at any rate. We have made arrangements for a daily service of telegrams from the United States, and we undertake to continue that as long as the public desires. We cannot guarantee to provide as great a piece of news each day as we give today, for Paris Conferences do not sit often, and the United States does not acquire territories every day."

Before The Manila Times was born, several native newspaper were already in existence in the Philippines written in Spanish, and most of them were nationalistic and revolutionary.

In 1899, Gowan sold The Manila Times to George Sellner, who at that time was its business manager. Sellner would later sell the Times to a group of American businessmen in 1902 but reacquired it three years later. Again, in 1907 Sellner sold the paper to Thomas C. Kinney, who incorporated the Times Co., with a board of directors composed of American and British businessmen. During this period R. McCulloch Dick, a British sailor who came to Manila with the United States Navy and had some newspaper experience, was appointed editor of The Manila Times. Dick later acquired the Philippines Free Press, a weekly founded by Judge W.H. Kincaid in 1907.

On July 25, 1914, The Manila Times moved from the Escolta to its new offices at the Cosmopolitan Building, formerly the Metropolitan HOTEL. With its transfer to a new site the Times modernized its equipment, getting Linotypes of the latest models, the only ones of their kind then in the Orient. The use of the new machinery necessitated laying off 27 of the 35 printers, mostly hand typesetters, who had been with the paper since its founding some 16 years earlier.

In 1918 the Filipino employees of The Manila Times called an all-out strike. The Filipino press had accused the Times of misrepresenting the Filipinos in order to prejudice the minds of a party of American Congressmen, which was then about to visit the Philippines, against granting of independence. Smarting from the attempts at misrepresentation, the reporters and printers of the paper, who were all Filipinos, declared a general walkout.

Carlos P. Romulo, then a Times reporter, was reported to be the leader of the strike, but the belief had gained credence at the time that the movement had been inspired by Manuel L. Quezon and other Filipino political leaders. The belief was later supported by two salient facts:

Some of the strikers were given temporary jobs in the office of Senate President Quezon, and
The purchase by Quezon himself of The Manila Times. Not long after the strike Romulo became one of the secretaries of Quezon, together with an aspiring young politician named Elpidio Quirino.
In association with a group of Filipino businessmen Quezon bought The Manila Times lock, stock and barrel. He wanted a militant Filipino organ of public opinion, and he thought that the Times would suit his purpose. Under his ownership the paper was staffed mostly by Filipinos. This followed the pattern set by his close friend, Governor-General Francis Burton Harrison, of Filipinizing the government.

Quezon, realizing that publishing and politics did not mix well, sold the Times to George H. Fairchild in 1921. Fairchild, a former Hawaiian senator, was then engaged in promoting the Philippine sugar industry. The new owner supervised the business as well as the editorial policies of the paper, and was naturally partial to news bearing on the sugar industry. The paper under Fairchild was generally believed to have become intensely pro-American and anti-Filipino in its politics. It took on the role of spokesman for American business and politics in the Philippines.

In 1926 Fairchild sold The Times to Jacob Rosenthal, a BUSINESSMAN who was engaged in the importation and manufacture of shoes.

On December 10, 1928, the Cosmopolitan Building, in which the Times had been housed for nearly two decades, burned down. Rosenthal, who had learned to consider the paper a sort of white elephant, gladly collected the insurance and sold the paper's name and goodwill to the Tribune-Vanguardia-Taliba (T-V-T) papers through D.H. Thibault, general manager of the T-V-T publications of Don Alejandro Roces Sr.

On February 15, 1930, Thibault announced that The Manila Times would discontinue publication on March 15, 1930. On March 14 the Times' "Swan Song" editorial appeared. On that date The Times closed after an uninterrupted existence of nearly 32 years, which covered a period of great political changes not only in the Philippines but throughout the Far East.

The second epoch in the history of The Manila Times began 15 years after its discontinuance in 1930. When Second World War was still in its mopping-up stage, the heirs of Don Alejandro Roces Sr., who died during the Japanese occupation along with his eldest son Alejandro Jr., met together and decided to revive the business their father had founded. The printing plant of one of them had not been destroyed by the war. A newspaper could be printed there if newsprint were available. Accordingly, arrangements were made for a supply of newsprint.

In the meantime, the owners of the paper dropped the T-V-T name and formed a corporation under the title of "The Manila Times Publishing Co., Inc."

The first issue of the paper on May 27, 1945, carried the name "The Sunday Times", and it was only a small folded sheet of the ordinary tabloid size reminiscent of the dimensions of the first issue of The Manila Times on October 11, 1898. Then as The Times approached normalcy The Sunday Times increased its pages. In the meantime the circulation was getting larger, and it became evident that The Sunday Times alone would not adequately supply the demand of the reading public. So on September 5, 1945, the first daily issue of The Manila Times reappeared on the streets of Manila.

Among the first staff members of the postwar Times were Jose P. Bautista, prewar editor of The Tribune, Jose Luna Castro and Emilio Aguilar Cruz, staff members of the prewar Graphic, Vicente J. Guzman, formerly of the Bulletin staff, Luis Serrano, Crispin Gonzales, Anatolio Litonjua, Andres B. Callanta, Jose L. Guevara, Benjamin Osias and Zosimo Resurreccion. Among those who served as society editor were Jim Austria, Carole Guerrero, Rosario Delgado, Jovita Rodas, Estrella Alfon, Cita Trinidad and Consuelo G. Abaya.

Later a teenager joined the Times as a cub reporter, covering the police and miscellaneous beats. He made such a good showing that the editor of the paper decided to send him to Korea as its correspondent. His dispatches from the Korean battlefront were quite creditable, coming as they did from the actual firing line assigned to the Filipino contingent. He was wounded in Korea and had to be sent back to the Philippines. He was later assigned to the army beat.

This young man was Benigno Aquino Jr.

Another Times staffer who attained eminence in public life was Mrs. Maria Kalaw-Katigbak. She was a columnist of the paper before she went into politics. Her column was highly appreciated by the reading public, especially by women whose views and opinions generally found expression in the column.

When President Ferdinand Marcos imposed martial law throughout the country, The Manila Times was one of the media organizations closed down by the authoritarian government. It was to remain closed down for the next 14 years. During the Martial Law era, its presses printed issues of The Times Journal, carrying the same format but focused much on the events related and accepted by the Marcos administration. The Times Journal was then under the patronage of the government, using the Manila Times buildings and machinery as theirs.

On February 5, 1986, days before Edsa I that ousted Marcos, the Roces family (the Ramon Roces group) revived The Manila Times, but 3 years after its rebirth, the Roces family, citing FINANCIALdeath, sold the paper to the business tycoon John Gokongwei.

During the Joseph Estrada presidency, The Manila Times was sued over a published story calling the former movie actor an "unwitting godfather" to a supposed fraudulent deal, for P101 million. Terrorized by Estrada's wrath, the Gokongweis were forced to apologize to stop him from harassing them on their alleged tax problems. The printed apology prompted Estrada to withdraw the libel case. The Times publisher Ermin Garcia Jr. pointed out that the paper did not retract the story that drew Estrada's ire.

On July 23, 1999, The Manila Times closed up. The 180 employees of the Times mourned the demise of the paper which had been critical of the Estrada administration. In an earlier interview, the editor in chief, Malou Mangahas, said the purchase of the paper by a group headed by the BUSINESSMAN Reghis Romero III was part of an effort to stifle newspapers that were critical of the government.

Months before the Times' closure, Mark Jimenez, a close associate of Estrada's, expressed interest in buying the newspaper, but wanted his ownership to remain undisclosed. Jimenez's wish to be an unidentified buyer would be granted. From October 11 until November, the Times was operating under its supposed owner, Reghis Romero, who reportedly fronted on Jimenez's behalf. However, in the months to follow, disclosures from within Estrada's inner circle revealed that Jimenez had indeed bought The Manila Times.

On August 8, 2001, Jimenez sold Times to Dante A. Ang.

Today, The Manila Times serves as one of largest newspaper in the Philippines in terms of circulation.
Sources:
Philippine News Agency archives
The Manila Times, Project Gutenberg Self Publishing Press

[naruto789544]

nice story... so the manila times died, was resurrected, died a second time around and then was again raised up... you just can't put a good thing down for good.... thank you for sharing  sir @carlo1225