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Academics => Medical Department => Topic started by: frankiko on December 09, 2015, 02:05:09 PM
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Naisipan ko lang i-share. Hehehe
Color Blindness
Color blindness occurs when you are unable to see colors in a normal way. Most commonly, color blindness (also known as color deficiency) happens when someone cannot distinguish between certain colors, usually between greens and reds, and occasionally blues.
What Is Color Blindness?
In the retina (the light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye), there are two types of cells that detect light: rods and cones. Rods detect only light and dark and are very sensitive to low light levels. Cone cells detect color and are concentrated near the center of your vision. There are three types of cones that see color: red, green and blue. The brain uses input from these three color cone cells to determine our color perception.
Color blindness can occur when one or more of the color cone cells are absent, nonfunctioning, or detect a different color than normal. Severe color blindness occurs when all three cone cells are absent, and mild color blindness occurs when all three cone cells are present, but one cone cell functions abnormally to detect a different color than normal.
There are different degrees of color blindness. Some people with mild color deficiencies can see colors normally in good light but have difficulty in dim light. Others cannot distinguish certain colors in any light. The most severe form of color blindness, in which everything is seen in shades of gray, is uncommon. Color blindness usually affects both eyes equally and remains stable throughout life.
Symptoms of color deficiency or blindness
Color blindness is usually something that you have from birth but it can be acquired later in life. Change in color vision can signify a more serious condition. Anyone who experiences a significant change in color perception should see an ophthalmologist (eye doctor).
The symptoms of color blindness can range from mild to severe. Many people have such mild symptoms that they are unaware that they have a color deficiency. Parents may only notice a problem with a child when he is learning his colors
The symptoms include:
Trouble seeing colors and the brightness of colors in the usual way; Inability to tell the difference between shades of the same or similar colors, particularly red and green, or blue and yellow.
Except in the most severe form, color blindness does not affect the sharpness of vision. The inability to see any color at all and to see everything only in shades of gray is called achromatopsia. This rare condition is often associated with amblyopia, nystagmus (involuntary, rapid eye movement), light sensitivity and poor vision.
Men are at much higher risk for being born with color blindness than women, who seldom have the problem. An estimated one in ten males has some form of color deficiency. Color blindness is more common among men of Northern European descent.
Who are at risk?
Having certain conditions, including glaucoma, macular degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, chronic alcoholism, leukemia and sickle cell anemia, may increase your risk for acquired color deficiency.
Certain drugs may also increase your risk for acquiring color blindness. The drug hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) can cause color blindness. It is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, among other conditions.
Causes of Color blindness
Most people with color blindness are born with it. (This is called a congenital condition.) Congenital color vision defects usually pass from mother to son.
These defects are due to partial or complete lack of light-sensitive photoreceptors (cones) in the retina, which is the layer of light-sensitive nerve cells lining the back of the eye. Cones help you to distinguish the colors red, green, and blue.
Most color vision problems that occur later in life are a result of disease, trauma, toxic effects from drugs, metabolic disease or vascular disease. Color vision defects from disease are less understood than congenital color vision problems. Disease-specific color blindness often affects both eyes differently, and the color vision defect usually gets worse over time. Acquired color vision loss can be the result of damage to the retina or optic nerve.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Your ophthalmologist will be able to conduct a simple test to determine if you have color blindness.
The test consists of showing you a pattern made up of multi-colored dots. If you do not have a color deficiency, you will be able to see numbers and shapes among the dots. If you are color blind, you will have a hard time finding the number or shape in the pattern or you may not see anything in the pattern at all.
There is no treatment for congenital color blindness. It usually does not cause any significant disability. However, there are special contact lenses and glasses that may help people with color blindness tell the difference between similar colors.
Acquired forms of color blindness may be treated by addressing the underlying condition or drug that caused the problem.
Credits to source.
:hilo:
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very informative sir @frankiko... people who have this seldom passes the driver's license medical test to get an approval...
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Oo nga sir @naruto789544
Pero di ganun ka-strict ang LTO pagdating sa color blindness dito sa Pinas. Ang mahigpit sa ganito barko at eroplano.
Salamat sa pagdaan at pagbasa.
:peace:
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hi there Sir Frankiko,
permit me to ask, just what exactly is your ailment? dun sa previous post mo sa kabilang thread...sabi mo discerible naman sayo ang primary colors (red, green and yellow) so I take it, the rest are all somewhat "blurred" or totally not visible? ...isn't it dangerous to drive around with that kind of visual deficiency? dapat lagi kang may kasama...nakakatakot lang pag naging monochromatic na yang vision mo. ..nde kaya nagkakaron lang ng problema during certain hours of the day? like pag gabi? or nagkakaron ng varied intensity yung color vision failure during the day? ??? :book1: :book1:
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Hi mam @Schy
Eto po ibang details pa...
The most common types of hereditary color blindness are due to the loss or limited function of red cone (known as protan) or green cone (deutran) photopigments. This kind of color blindness is commonly referred to as red-green color blindness.
Protanomaly: In males with protanomaly, the red cone photopigment is abnormal. Red, orange, and yellow appear greener and colors are not as bright. This condition is mild and doesn’t usually interfere with daily living. Protanomaly is an X-linked disorder estimated to affect 1 percent of males.
Protanopia: In males with protanopia, there are no working red cone cells. Red appears as black. Certain shades of orange, yellow, and green all appear as yellow. Protanopia is an X-linked disorder that is estimated to affect 1 percent of males.
Deuteranomaly: In males with deuteranomaly, the green cone photopigment is abnormal. Yellow and green appear redder and it is difficult to tell violet from blue. This condition is mild and doesn’t interfere with daily living. Deuteranomaly is the most common form of color blindness and is an X-linked disorder affecting 5 percent of males.
Deuteranopia: In males with deuteranopia, there are no working green cone cells. They tend to see reds as brownish-yellow and greens as beige. Deuteranopia is an X-linked disorder that affects about 1 percent of males.
Credits to nei.nih.gov
I'm actually a Protan, with protanomaly. Hindi po monochromatic ang vision ko.. astig sana nun. Hehehe. I see primary colors as they are in daylight but once you change the color's brightness, luminousity, or combine them with other colors... dun nagkakaproblema. Hindi din sila blurred, parehas lang ang tingin ko sa ibang mga kulay.
To give you an idea of how different we see colors, here's an example
(http://www.colour-blindness.com/CBTests/ishihara/Plate1.gif)
Everyone should see the number 12 in this plate. Kahit yung mga may total color blindness.
(http://www.colour-blindness.com/CBTests/ishihara/Plate2.gif)
Dito naman, if you are of normal color vision, you should see the number 8. Yung mga may red-green color vision "deficiency" would see 3. Yung may total color blindness, puro dots lang nakikita nila.
For me, sabi ng duktor, yung dots that make up the left side ng number 8 blend with the rest of the background, yung dots sa right side stood out kaya yun lang ang nabasa ko. Kayo po na may normal vision see both sides of the number 8 standing out kaya huling-huli nyo ung numero ocho.
:hilo:
I often mistake shades of green as orange, lalo na yung greens na nasa warm end ng spectrum and mistake some shades of green as gray in the cool end of the spectrum.
In terms of safety, wala naman po problema. I can clearly differentiate red, green, violet and pink in low light. Kaya sunglasses at car tint lang ang kelangan, ok na ko.
8)
Hindi lang ako pwede mag-seaman or mag-piloto. Bagsak ako panigurado.
^-^ :peace:
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hmnnn...nagva vary pala ang deficiency level ano po...
....i wonder gaano naman kaya ka intense pag sa females? ....more or less, pareho lang kaya or meron pagkakaiba? meron kayang difference pag male or female when it comes to the varying levels of it's effect? must we consider the female body's peculiarities that could affect in certain aspect the intensity of this ailment?
nice share...very informative itong thread mong ito...and thanks for the elaboration. :peace:
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According to my readings. Naks! Hehehe.
:book1:
Wala naman po pagkakaiba sa nakikita ang men and women, when it comes to color blindness. We see things the same way, we only interpret them differently. Hehehe. ;-)
:peace:
(https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRfAn0Pq1YZfOcCzXkWsGDiIkjWc4oipBDkZFTZJ5_eNQD8pambE-z_gaFrpg)
:book1:
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siguro nga halos walang pagkakaiba...kung meron man e purely psychological...and mostly, kung minsan it depends on our sensibilities at yung nakagaian na.
like for example:
yung figure ng number 8...sa unang tingin para saken...tres din yun...not because i can't see the figure clearly but because..I tend to look first at the bottom..pataas...hmnn, ganun ka din ba? or sa upper part ka unang nakatingin?
..meron din kaya sa middle agad naka focus ang paningin?
saka ko lang nakita na 8 pala yun when i looked on the left side....
however, yung illustration mo...korek ka dyan...ang mga babae, we tend to elaborate much sa kung ano yung "simple" na nakikita ng guys....
in short, we have the tendency to complicate things...even simple colors. hahaha... >:D
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very nice discussion... i think men tends to see more on the dark colors and women on the lighter colors... though psychological for some, it may be related to the gender...
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Parang psychological nga. More of color conditioning and preference. Here is the full infographic ng illustration sa taas.
Credit to source.
(https://blog.kissmetrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/color-preferences-by-gender1.png)
:peace:
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offtopic:
super liit naman Sir Frankiko...naduling ako dun ah! hehehe...
ontopic;
share ko lang ito dito sa thread mo...somehow, one of the reasons din ito sa color blindness....
Optic Neuritis and Neuropathy
Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve, caused by damage to and loss of the protective sheath (myelin) surrounding this nerve that is so vital for good vision. Demyelinating optic neuritis is another term for this eye condition.
Vision symptoms from optic neuritis can include blurring and blind spots. You also may notice distorted vision, reduced color vision and pain when you move your eyes. These types of symptoms may precede vision loss due to optic neuritis.
Optic neuropathy more generally describes optic nerve abnormalities or damage, including from causes such as blocked blood flow or toxic exposure.
What Causes Optic Neuritis?
Optic neuritis usually occurs in adults younger than 45 and affects more women than men. The condition is common in people who have multiple sclerosis (MS), which occurs when the body's own immune system attacks and destroys protective nerve coverings.
Besides affecting eyesight, related nerve damage in MS can lead to loss of mobility and sensory functions, along with other debilitating conditions.
Other causes of optic neuritis and neuropathy include:
(http://i68.tinypic.com/2qulv93.jpg)
Infections such as toxoplasmosis
Ocular herpes
Other viral infections
Sinusitis
Neurological disorders
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, an inherited form of vision loss that affects mostly males in their 20s or 30s
Nutritional deficiency
Toxins, including alcohol and tobacco
Treatments for Optic Neuritis
Treatment of optic neuritis has changed in recent years, due to a landmark series of studies known as the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trials (ONTT).
In these studies, people with optic neuritis were randomized for treatment with intravenous (IV) steroids, oral steroids or placebo. Afterward they were evaluated for several years.
From these studies, researchers learned that treatment with steroids had little effect on the final visual outcome in patients with optic neuritis.
However, patients treated with IV steroids had fewer repeat attacks of optic neuritis than patients treated with oral steroids alone. In fact, those treated with oral steroids alone had a higher risk of repeat attacks of optic neuritis than those treated with placebo.
Even more importantly, patients treated initially with IV steroids had about half the risk of developing MS in two years as patients treated with oral steroids only, or placebo. Of those treated with IV (followed by oral) steroids, 7.5 percent developed MS in the following two years, versus about 16 percent in the other groups.
As a result of the ONTT, eye doctors now treat patients with a combination of IV and oral steroids or monitor the condition without prescribing medical treatment. Use of oral steroids alone is not recommended.
For patients who are medically treated, the regimen typically includes three days of IV steroids, followed by about 11 days of oral steroids.
credits to Dr. Chris M. Knobb blog archives
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Sorry akala ko full size lalabas yung infographic..
Here's the link po..
https://blog.kissmetrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/color-preferences-by-gender1.png (https://blog.kissmetrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/color-preferences-by-gender1.png)
Found another post po na pandagdag kaalaman..
http://www.pinoycyberkada.com/index.php?topic=33821.msg252294#msg252294 (http://www.pinoycyberkada.com/index.php?topic=33821.msg252294#msg252294)
On topic:
Optic neuritis and neuropathy are the common causes of acquired or non-familial color blindness.
Yung steroid thetapy kaya for optic neuritis of all etiologies (causes) or para lang dun sa mga eye infections? Hmmm.. :book1:
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ayos ito ah. . . . alagaan na lang cguro ang ating mga mata. . . . right nutrition like taking foods rich in Vitamin A.... eh ayos lang din color blindness basta wag lang mawawala ang sense of 'pansalat' hahahahaha. . . .