My Board
Academics => History and Culture => Topic started by: carlo1225 on August 09, 2015, 05:43:53 PM
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Unforgettable Dates in World History...
??? ??? ???
let's start with...
September 11, 2001
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It's a date that changed the world, prompting the ongoing war on terror and ushering in a decade of heightened security and increasing Islamophobia around the world. The attacks on New York City's World Trade Center, the Pentagon and United Flight 93 claimed the lives of nearly 3,000 people. The effects of that day continue to play out in everything from the way people are screened at airports to the U.S. wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Next year will mark the 10th anniversary of the attacks, by which time officials claim a memorial at Ground Zero should finally be complete.
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At 2:20 a.m. on April 15, 1912, the British ocean liner Titanic sinks into the North Atlantic Ocean about 400 miles south of Newfoundland, Canada. The massive ship, which carried 2,200 passengers and crew, had struck an iceberg two and half hours before.
On April 10, the RMS Titanic, one of the largest and most luxurious ocean liners ever built, departed Southampton, England, on its maiden voyage across the Atlantic Ocean. The Titanic was designed by the Irish shipbuilder William Pirrie and built in Belfast, and was thought to be the world’s fastest ship. It spanned 883 feet from stern to bow, and its hull was divided into 16 compartments that were presumed to be watertight. Because four of these compartments could be flooded without causing a critical loss of buoyancy, the Titanic was considered unsinkable. While leaving port, the ship came within a couple of feet of the steamer New York but passed safely by, causing a general sigh of relief from the passengers massed on the Titanic‘s decks. On its first journey across the highly competitive Atlantic ferry route, the ship carried some 2,200 passengers and crew.
After stopping at Cherbourg, France, and Queenstown, Ireland, to pick up some final passengers, the massive vessel set out at full speed for New York City. However, just before midnight on April 14, the RMS Titanic failed to divert its course from an iceberg and ruptured at least five of its hull compartments. These compartments filled with water and pulled down the bow of the ship. Because the Titanic‘s compartments were not capped at the top, water from the ruptured compartments filled each succeeding compartment, causing the bow to sink and the stern to be raised up to an almost vertical position above the water. Then the Titanic broke in half, and, at about 2:20 a.m. on April 15, stern and bow sank to the ocean floor.
~credits to the source
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(http://i60.tinypic.com/vscdvb.jpg)
(http://i62.tinypic.com/j8lbuh.jpg)
At 2:20 a.m. on April 15, 1912, the British ocean liner Titanic sinks into the North Atlantic Ocean about 400 miles south of Newfoundland, Canada. The massive ship, which carried 2,200 passengers and crew, had struck an iceberg two and half hours before.
On April 10, the RMS Titanic, one of the largest and most luxurious ocean liners ever built, departed Southampton, England, on its maiden voyage across the Atlantic Ocean. The Titanic was designed by the Irish shipbuilder William Pirrie and built in Belfast, and was thought to be the world’s fastest ship. It spanned 883 feet from stern to bow, and its hull was divided into 16 compartments that were presumed to be watertight. Because four of these compartments could be flooded without causing a critical loss of buoyancy, the Titanic was considered unsinkable. While leaving port, the ship came within a couple of feet of the steamer New York but passed safely by, causing a general sigh of relief from the passengers massed on the Titanic‘s decks. On its first journey across the highly competitive Atlantic ferry route, the ship carried some 2,200 passengers and crew.
After stopping at Cherbourg, France, and Queenstown, Ireland, to pick up some final passengers, the massive vessel set out at full speed for New York City. However, just before midnight on April 14, the RMS Titanic failed to divert its course from an iceberg and ruptured at least five of its hull compartments. These compartments filled with water and pulled down the bow of the ship. Because the Titanic‘s compartments were not capped at the top, water from the ruptured compartments filled each succeeding compartment, causing the bow to sink and the stern to be raised up to an almost vertical position above the water. Then the Titanic broke in half, and, at about 2:20 a.m. on April 15, stern and bow sank to the ocean floor.
~credits to the source
Akinse din pala sina Jack en Rose ha... ??? :P :P
kasunod ng kinse eh...
March 16, 1521...
Discovery of the Philippines
(http://kahimyang.info/resources/xferdinand_magellan.jpg.pagespeed.ic.NisVLpYlIW.jpg)
Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer working for Spain, led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe in search of valuable spices. His remaining ships arrived at Homonhon island in Samar on March 16, 1521, named it Isla San Lazaro, erected a cross, and claimed it for Spain. The islands were later named Filipinas (Philippines) in honor of King Philip of Spain. The first Catholic mass was celebrated on Limasawa island in Leyte on March 31, 1521, by Spanish friar Fr. Pedro Valderama. Among those present were Rajah Siagu and Rajah Kolambu who forged a blood compact with Magellan. Fr. Valderama baptized the two rajahs and 400 natives on April 14, 1521, in Cebu where Magellan erected a huge cross – the famous “Magellan’s Cross” – and gifted the converts with the Sto. Niño images as peace symbol.
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~The Fall Of Nagasaki ~
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On August 6, 1945, during World War II (1939-45), an American B-29 bomber dropped the world’s first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The explosion wiped out 90 percent of the city and immediately killed 80,000 people; tens of thousands more would later die of radiation exposure. Three days later, a second B-29 dropped another A-bomb on Nagasaki, killing an estimated 40,000 people. Japan’s Emperor Hirohito announced his country’s unconditional surrender in World War II in a radio address on August 15, citing the devastating power of “a new and most cruel bomb.”
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this day on world history...
August 14, 1945
V-J Day; Japan surrenders unconditionally to end WW II
(http://www.fulcrumgallery.com/product-images/P62186-10/kissing-the-war-goodbye-vj-day-times-square-august-14-1945.jpg)
Every picture tells a story, and Alfred Eisenstaedt’s famous shot of an exuberant American sailor passionately kissing a nurse in New York's Times Square speaks volumes. Taken on V-J day, Eisentaedt's got this classic shot by following a sailor who had been running through the streets kissing every woman he encountered in celebration of the end of the war.
(http://p1.img.cctvpic.com/photoworkspace/contentimg/2014/08/16/2014081620364134312.jpg)
Couple re-enact historic kiss for VJ Day
(http://p1.img.cctvpic.com/photoworkspace/contentimg/2014/08/16/2014081620371765704.jpg)
A six-foot statue reenacting the Times Square Kiss photo, taken by Alfred Eisenstaedt,
is stands in in Times Square after its unveiling to mark the 69-Anniversary of the end of
World War Two and victory over Japan on August 14, 2014 in New York City.
(http://www.fulcrumgallery.com/product-images/P193915-10/kissing-on-vj-day-times-square-august-14th-1945.jpg)
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First Man On The Moon
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At 10:56 p.m. EDT, American astronaut Neil Armstrong, 240,000 miles from Earth, speaks these words to more than a billion people listening at home: “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” Stepping off the lunar landing module Eagle, Armstrong became the first human to walk on the surface of the moon.
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on this day in History... :book1:
21 August, 1983...
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"If it's my fate to die by an assassin's bullet, so be it"
-Benigno Aquino
The Philippines opposition leader, Benigno Aquino, has been assassinated just minutes after returning home from exile.
Mr Aquino, 50, had spent the last three years in the US but was returning home to contest next year's expected elections.
Speaking aboard the plane returning him to Manila, Mr Aquino told reporters he was well aware of the risk he was taking.
"I suppose there's a physical danger because you know assassination's part of public service," he said.
"My feeling is we all have to die sometime and if it's my fate to die by an assassin's bullet, so be it."
When his plane landed at Manila airport Mr Aquino was taken into custody by soldiers and escorted off the plane.
Shortly afterwards witnesses on the plane said a volley of shots rang out and they saw him lying in a pool of blood on the runway tarmac.
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Very timely yang post mo for today Sir Carlo...Ninoy Aquino Day today.. :book1:
The Day Marilyn Monroe was found dead...
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On August 5, 1962, movie actress Marilyn Monroe is found dead in her home in Los Angeles. She was discovered lying nude on her bed, face down, with a telephone in one hand. Empty bottles of pills, prescribed to treat her depression, were littered around the room. After a brief investigation, Los Angeles police concluded that her death was “caused by a self-administered overdose of sedative drugs and that the mode of death is probable suicide.
~~credits to the source
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??? nalaman ba kung sinong huling kausap nya mis Schy?...
22 August, 1972: Rhodesia out of Olympics
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Rhodesia has been thrown out of the Olympic Games with just four days to go before the opening ceremony in Munich, Germany.
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) voted by 36 to 31 with three abstentions to recommend Rhodesia's expulsion in the face of mounting international pressure.
Two days ago the National Olympic Committees of Africa threatened to pull out of the games unless Rhodesia was barred from competing.
The African nations were demanding Rhodesia's expulsion on the grounds the country was an illegal regime and members of its team were not therefore British subjects.
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IOC President Avery Brundage compared the anti-Rhodesia campaign to the terrorist attack on the Olympic village
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The wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer took place on 29 July 1981 at St Paul's Cathedral, London, England. The ceremony was a traditional Church of England wedding service. Notable figures in attendance included many members of royal families from across the world, republican heads of state, and members of the bride's and groom's families. Their marriage was widely billed as a "fairytale wedding" and the "wedding of the century". It was watched by an estimated global TV audience of 750 million.[1][2] The United Kingdom had a national holiday on that day to mark the wedding. The couple separated in 1992 and divorced in 1996.
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wedding of the century nga talaga yan miss Schy... ::) ::) ::)
23 August, 1902: Fannie Farmer opens Cooking School...
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Pioneering cookbook author Fannie Farmer, who changed the way Americans prepare food by advocating the use of standardized measurements in recipes, opens Miss Farmer's School of Cookery in Boston. In addition to teaching women about cooking, Farmer later educated medical professionals about the importance of proper nutrition for the sick.
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The Proclamation of Rebellion, officially titled A Proclamation for Suppressing Rebellion and Sedition, was the response of George III of Great Britain to the news of the Battle of Bunker Hill at the outset of the American Revolutionary War. Issued August 23, 1775, it declared elements of the American colonies in a state of "open and avowed rebellion." It ordered officials of the British Empire "to use their utmost endeavours to withstand and suppress such rebellion." The Proclamation also encouraged subjects throughout the Empire, including those in Great Britain, to report anyone carrying on "traitorous correspondence" with the rebels so that they could be punished.
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24 August, 1993: Michael Jackson accused of child abuse...
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Police in Los Angeles are investigating allegations of child abuse made against singer Michael Jackson.
They have refused to give details but it has emerged that two of Mr Jackson's homes were searched at the weekend following allegations of child abuse.
It is reported that the father of one boy befriended by Mr Jackson has alleged the singer seduced the child and performed six acts with him.
Detectives are said to have interviewed the boy and other youngsters who visited Mr Jackson's Neverland ranch in Santa Barbara.
They include 12-year old actor Macaulay Caulkin, star of the Home Alone films.
(http://blogs.reuters.com/world-wrap/files/2009/06/jackson-wack.jpg)
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First Man on The Moon dies at age 82.
A few weeks later, on August 25, 2012, at the age of 82, Neil Armstrong died of complications resulting from cardiovascular procedures in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was survived by his second wife, Carol, in Indian Hill, Ohio, and his two sons from his first marriage.
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??? kelan lang pala siya namatay noh?...
August 26, 1959: Mini makes its debut...
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Launched on August 26, 1959, the new front-wheel-drive car was priced at around $800 and marketed under two names: Austin Seven and Morris Mini-Minor. The two vehicles were the same except for each had a different radiator grille, and by 1962 both were known simply as the Mini. Issigonis’ design, including an engine mounted sideways to take up less space, had created a surprising amount of space for a small-bodied car: At only 10 feet long, the Mini could sit four adults, and had a trunk big enough for a reasonable amount of luggage. With a starting price of around $800, the Mini was truly a “people’s car,” but its popularity transcended class, and it was also used by affluent Londoners as a second car to easily maneuver in city traffic.
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On this day August 26...
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In 1907, famous escape artist Harry Houdini performed a series of escapes that involved him being handcuffed and jumping into water from a bridge, but on this day in 1907 he took it one step further and was bound by chains. It took him 57 seconds under the water to release himself from the chains.
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August 27, 1950: Television Crosses the Channel...
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The BBC has transmitted the first ever live television pictures across the Channel.
A two-hour programme was broadcast live from Calais in northern France to mark the centenary of the first message sent by submarine telegraph cable from England to France.
In spite of formidable difficulties, this pioneer venture was successful, though the picture quality was far from perfect"-Edward Pawley, BBC Engineer
British viewers were able to watch the town of Calais "en fete", with a torchlight procession, dancing and a firework display all taking place in the Place de l'Hotel de Ville.
Presenters Richard Dimbleby and Alan Adair gave commentaries on the festivities and interviewed local personalities in front of the cameras.
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August 27: It was 36 years ago today that Lord Mountbatten was killed by an IRA bomb
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1979: IRA bomb kills Lord Mountbatten, the Queen's cousin
Lord Mountbatten and three others were killed when an IRA bomb blasted his boat at Mullaghmore in County Sligo in the Irish Republic.
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August 28, 2004: Second gold for Kelly Holmes...
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British athlete Kelly Holmes has secured a place in Olympic history by winning the 1500m gold in Athens.
The runner won the 800m on Monday and is the first Briton in 84 years to achieve the Olympic middle-distance double.
Holmes set a new British record for the race with a time of 3 minutes 57.90 seconds, finishing three metres ahead of Russian rival Tatyana Tomashova.
Third place in the 1500m was taken by Romania's Maria Cioncin.
Holmes said after the race: "I can't believe it - I'm gobsmacked.
"After the 800m I had a lot of confidence and I was feeling good going through the rounds, but these girls are really good and I had to focus more than ever in that race."
(http://static.krugercowne.com/detail-view/dame_kelly_holmes_0.jpg)
kelly kili holmes... >:D >:D >:D :peace:
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Kelly Kili...
Kala ko yun talaga ang name ...napatawa mo ako dun ha!
You know my weakness...nyahahaa!!
Ontopic:
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28th of August 1850, Richard Wagner's opera Lohengrin premiered at Weimar Germany.
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this day on world history...
August 14, 1945
V-J Day; Japan surrenders unconditionally to end WW II
(http://www.fulcrumgallery.com/product-images/P62186-10/kissing-the-war-goodbye-vj-day-times-square-august-14-1945.jpg)
Every picture tells a story, and Alfred Eisenstaedt’s famous shot of an exuberant American sailor passionately kissing a nurse in New York's Times Square speaks volumes. Taken on V-J day, Eisentaedt's got this classic shot by following a sailor who had been running through the streets kissing every woman he encountered in celebration of the end of the war.
(http://p1.img.cctvpic.com/photoworkspace/contentimg/2014/08/16/2014081620364134312.jpg)
Couple re-enact historic kiss for VJ Day
(http://p1.img.cctvpic.com/photoworkspace/contentimg/2014/08/16/2014081620371765704.jpg)
A six-foot statue reenacting the Times Square Kiss photo, taken by Alfred Eisenstaedt,
is stands in in Times Square after its unveiling to mark the 69-Anniversary of the end of
World War Two and victory over Japan on August 14, 2014 in New York City.
(http://www.fulcrumgallery.com/product-images/P193915-10/kissing-on-vj-day-times-square-august-14th-1945.jpg)
That's awesome. Okay ah.
Gramps still got the groove. Catch your Like mate.
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so many memorable dates to remember... and i find the end of world war II as the most important... i like the debut of the mini also... i had driven one like that and it brings me back my childhood years... :)
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tinaas kasi nya kamay nya missSchy!... :peace:
thanks for passin by sir Prime... ;D
mukhang very memorable nga sau tol naruto kasi may flashback pa hehe :P
August 29, 1965: Gemini V returns to Earth...
(http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/images/41159000/jpg/_41159401_gemini_238.jpg)
Two American astronauts have splashed down safely in the Atlantic after setting a space endurance record.
Charles Conrad, 35, and Gordon Cooper, 38, spent just short of eight days orbiting the earth in their space ship Gemini V - three days longer than any previous missions to space.
The capsule dropped into the Atlantic south-west of Bermuda at 1256 GMT, 80 miles (130 km) away from their recovery vessel, aircraft carrier Lake Champlain.
Gemini V returned to Earth slightly earlier than expected because the Nasa control centre at Houston feared a storm was developing in the landing area.
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Ten years ago on this day August 29th...when Typhoon Katrina hit New Orleans..
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Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast early in the morning – reaching wind speeds of up to 140 miles per hour.
The hurricane – which stretched 400 miles – also destroyed the coasts of Alabama and Mississipi.
Some 1,836 people were killed, mainly in Louisiana
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August 30, 1850: Plaridel was Born...
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Del_Pilar.jpg/220px-Del_Pilar.jpg)
MANILA, Philippines - On August 30, 1850, Marcelo H. Del Pilar, one of the leading propagandists for reforms during Spanish occupation of the country, was born in Cupang (now Barangay San Nicolas), Bulacan, Bulacan.
Using Plaridel as his pseudonym, Del Pilar went to Spain and served as editor of La Solidaridad (replacing Graciano Lopez-Jaena), the mouthpiece of the Filipino propaganda movement.
Del Pilar, along with Lopez-Jaena, Mariano Ponce and Dr. Jose Rizal, became known as the leading lights of the reform movement, who sought to reveal the real conditions of the country prior to the 1896 Philippine Revolution.
Before he went to Spain, Del Pilar tangled many times with the friars, seizing every occasion to attack them with his tirades and stinging criticisms.
During those times, friars were the most hated persons in the Philippines: they protested against the teaching of the Spanish language to Filipinos; campaigned against press freedom, the secularization of parishes and the enjoyment of civil rights and liberties.
They blocked the introduction of reforms in the country for fear that an enlightened citizenry would diminish their powers and prerogatives.
Del Pilar was imprisoned after a fight with the parish priest of San Miguel, Manila whom he accused of charging an exorbitant baptismal rites fee. Del Pilar, who happened to be one of the child's godfathers, was convinced then, after that episode, to dedicate whole life to the campaign of reforms.
He made speeches in crowds, be it in a cockpit, tienda, or town plaza; or during fiestas, parties and funeral wakes.
On August 1, 1882, he published Diariong Tagalog, which exposed the abuses of the friars and the need for reforms.
He also wrote poems and essays defending Filipino interests and fought for the equality of Filipinos and Spaniards in his book "La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas" (Monastic Sovereignty in the Philippines).
The church wielded its influence to secure an order to banish Del Pilar. But before the order's release, he had managed to flee to Spain.
He died on July 4, 1896 in Barcelona, Spain at the age of 45.
His remains were brought back in 1920 to his final resting place, now known as Dambana ni Plaridel under the National Historical Institute located in San Nicolas, Bulacan, Bulacan.
Today, Plaridel is the chosen "patron saint" of journalists as his life and works prized freedom of thought and opinion most highly above any material gain.
He is also considered as the Father of Philippine Masonry who spearheaded the secret organization of Masonic lodges in the Philippines as a means of strengthening the Propaganda Movement.
credit to InterAksyon.com
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his works woke up the minds of the people... too bad he died young...
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his works woke up the minds of the people... too bad he died young...
tama ka dyan tol naruto... ;D ;D ;D
eto pa ang isa sa di makakalimutan sa petsang ito... :-\
August 30, 30 B.C.: Cleopatra Commits Suicide...
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Cleopatra, queen of Egypt and lover of Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, takes her life following the defeat of her forces against Octavian, the future first emperor of Rome. Cleopatra committed suicide on August 30, 30 B.C., possibly by means of an asp, a poisonous Egyptian serpent and symbol of divine royalty.
Cleopatra, born in 69 B.C., was made Cleopatra VII, queen of Egypt, upon the death of her father, Ptolemy XII, in 51 B.C. Her brother was made King Ptolemy XIII at the same time, and the siblings ruled Egypt under the formal title of husband and wife. Cleopatra and Ptolemy were members of the Macedonian dynasty that governed Egypt since the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. Although Cleopatra had no Egyptian blood, she alone in her ruling house learned Egyptian. To further her influence over the Egyptian people, she was also proclaimed the daughter of Re, the Egyptian sun god. Cleopatra soon fell into dispute with her brother, and civil war erupted in 48 B.C.
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watched a documentary video of her life before and she was a great leader who used her brains and beauty to get what she wants... too bad her life ended in tragedy...
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September 1, 1909: Baguio was Declared a Chartered City...
(http://maps.google.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=16.402333,120.596007&zoom=8&markers=size:small|16.402333,120.596007&size=250x250&sensor=false)
On September 1, 1909, Baguio, then a municipality of Benguet province in Northern Luzon, was declared a chartered city by virtue of Act No. 1963.
Then Governor General William Cameron Forbes directed Justice George Malcolm, a young lawyer in the American-led Philippine government, to write the city's charter.
The name of the city is derived from the word "bagiw" in Ibaloi, the indigenous language of the Benguet Region meaning "moss."
The second Philippine Commission, led by William Howard Taft, which arrived in Manila in June 1900, had one express order from then American Secretary of War Elihu Root to search for a cool place in Northern Luzon, high in the ranges of the Cordilleras, and lay out plans for its development.
At that time, the Americans were mostly quartered and sweltering in heat in Manila. They thus began to explore for cooler venues where their government administrative machineries could be installed as well as for health reasons.
Climbing way up Northern Luzon and moving on further, the members of the five-man Taft Commission, including Luke Wright, were rewarded with the discovery of fresh pine growths among rolling beautiful hills, and Baguio was found.
Thus, a development plan was laid out by the Taft Commission and roads were built, followed by a survey for a railroad to Baguio. The Commission assigned Major Lyman Kennon to supervise the building of the road cut through rock cliffs to open a route to Baguio, which was later named after him.
In 1903, the Americans declared Baguio the Summer Capital of the Philippines and as the residence of the American governor-general to escape Manila's summer heat.
Baguio was developed further by the Americans by building parks and public structures such as the Wright Park in honor of Governor General Luke E. Wright, and the Burnham Park in honor of Baguio city planner Daniel Burnham.
-Philippines News Agency
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September 2, 1666 -
The Great Fire of London began in a bakery in Pudding Lane near the Tower. Over the next three days more than 13,000 houses were destroyed, although only six lives were believed lost.
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:lr: :lr: :lr:
September 2, 1945: Japan Signs Unconditional Surrender...
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Douglas_MacArthur_signs_formal_surrender.jpg)
Japanese officials have signed the act of unconditional surrender, finally bringing to an end six years of world war.
In the presence of 50 Allied generals and other officials, the Japanese envoys boarded the American battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay to sign the surrender document.
Within half-an-hour of the signing, a convoy of 42 US ships entered Tokyo Bay and landed 13,000 American troops.
The Supreme Commander of the Allied powers, US General Douglas MacArthur, briefly addressed the dignitaries on the deck of the battleship urging them to comply with the terms of the surrender "fully, promptly and faithfully".
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The Curious History of the Gregorian Calendar
~Eleven days that never were~
September 2, 1752, was a great day in the history of sleep.
That Wednesday evening, millions of British subjects in England and the colonies went peacefully to sleep and did not wake up until twelve days later. Behind this feat of narcoleptic prowess was not some revolutionary hypnotic technique or miraculous pharmaceutical discovered in the West Indies. It was, rather, the British Calendar Act of 1751, which declared the day after Wednesday the second to be Thursday the fourteenth.
Prior to that cataleptic September evening, the official British calendar differed from that of continental Europe by eleven days—that is, September 2 in London was September 13 in Paris, Lisbon, and Berlin. The discrepancy had sprung from Britain's continued use of the Julian calendar, which had been the official calendar of Europe since its invention by Julius Caesar (after whom it was named) in 45 B.C.
~credits to the source
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:sipol: :sipol: :sipol:
September 3, 1899...
The Spanish version of the Philippine National Anthem is published for the first time in the La Independencia, the periodical and official organ of the First Philippine Republic founded by Gen. Antonio Luna, and with staff members that include Fernando Ma. Guerrero, Cecilio Apostol, Epifanio de los Santos, Rafael Palma, and Rosa Sevilla; the publication comes some eight months into the bloody and protracted Filipino-American War (1899-1914) deliberately and secretly instigated on orders of vile imperialist Bald Eagle President William McKinley in his bid to make the United States Congress approve and, thereby, provide congressional funding for, the annexation of the fledgling Southeast Asian Republic.
(http://image.slidesharecdn.com/thephilippinenationalanthem-120810025413-phpapp01/95/the-philippine-national-anthem-3-728.jpg?cb=1389060049)
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Today in Philippine history, September 4, 1943, the Japanese-sponsored Constitution was signed and ratified
Posted Sunday September 04, 2011 (4 years ago)
On September 4, 1943, the Japanese-sponsored 1943 Constitution was signed and ratified in a general assembly and two days later by 117 members of the Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas (KALIBAPI), the only political organization allowed during the Japanese occupation.
Hence, the Second Republic (1943-1945) was formally proclaimed, with Jose P. Laurel Sr. appointed as President and inaugurated into office in October 14, 1943.
Laurel was highly regarded by the Japanese for having openly criticized the United States for the way it ran the Philippines. Laurel had a degree from Tokyo International University.
Accordingly, the 1943 Constitution was recognized as legitimate and binding only in Japanese-controlled areas of the Philippines but was ignored by the United States government and the Philippine Commonwealth government in-exile.
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speaking of green blood... :peace:
September 4, 1957: Homosixuality 'should not be a crime'...
(http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/images/39188000/jpg/_39188272_wolfenden238.jpg)
Sir John chaired the committee investigating the law on homosixuality
A report sponsored by the government has suggested homosixual behaviour between consenting adults should no longer be a criminal offence.
The proposal is the principal and most controversial recommendation put forward by the 13-member committee chaired by Sir John Wolfenden, Vice-Chancellor of Reading University, investigating the current law on homosixuality and prostitution.
The first print of 5,000 copies of the 155-page "Report on Homosixual Offences and Prostitution" - known as the Wolfenden report - sold out within hours of publication.
After its three-year long inquiry, the Committee on Homosixual Offences and Prostitution in Great Britain came to the conclusion that outlawing homosixuality impinged upon civil liberties.
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(http://i57.tinypic.com/ogi1bq.jpg)
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was a culmination of skirmishes that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between Pakistan and India.
This war started following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against rule by India. India retaliated by launching a full-scale military attack on West Pakistan. The seventeen-day war caused thousands of casualties on both sides and also witnessed the largest tank battle since World War II. The hostilities between the two countries ended after a ceasefire was declared following diplomatic intervention by the Soviet Union and USA and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration.[16] Both India and Pakistan claimed victory. However, most neutral assessments agree that India had the upper hand over Pakistan when ceasefire was declared
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September 8, 1943: Italy's Surrender Announced...
(http://macaudailytimes.com.mo/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/onthisday0908.jpg)(http://i.ytimg.com/vi/HnI_jBIDbKs/hqdefault.jpg)
Italy has signed an unconditional armistice with the Allies, General Dwight D Eisenhower has announced.
The surrender was signed five days ago in secret by a representative of Marshal Pietro Badoglio, Italy's prime minister since the downfall of Benito Mussolini in July.
General Eisenhower - the commander in chief of Allied forces in the Mediterranean - said the Italian Government had agreed to end all hostilities with the United Nations.
In a broadcast on Algiers radio at 1730 local time, he said: "All Italians who now act to help eject the German aggressor from Italian soil will have the assistance and support of the United Nations."
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(https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTc9J2SwrDsWFyTpBYS-WTVGApnZv1EcguBkOoVqFG0s16m-Ie8)
september 7. 1996
Actor and hip-hop recording artist Tupac Shakur is shot several times in Las Vegas, Nevada, after attending a boxing match. Shakur was riding in a black BMW with Death Row Records founder Marion “Suge” Knight when a white Cadillac sedan pulled alongside and fired into Shakur’s car. Knight was only grazed in the head, but Shakur was hit several times. He died in a hospital several days later.
Although Shakur’s killer was never identified, some believe Orlando Anderson, a member of the Los Angeles gang Southside Crips, was responsible. Earlier in the evening, prior to the Mike Tyson-Bruce Seldon heavyweight fight, Anderson had been attacked in the lobby of the MGM Grand Hotel by a group from Death Row Records, including Suge Knight. When a videotape of the attack came to light, Knight, who was out on parole at the time, had to return to prison to serve out a nine-year sentence. Suspecting revenge as a motive, Shakur’s mother filed suit against Anderson for her son’s death; but the case was never resolved because Anderson was shot to death in May 1998 in a shoot-out outside a Los Angeles car wash.
Shakur had been involved in a string of violent encounters before the shooting in Las Vegas. In 1993, he was convicted of assault and battery after an attack on a music video producer. That same year, a limousine driver claimed that Shakur had severely beaten him. In 1995, while on trial for sixually abusing a young woman in a hotel room, Shakur was shot five times during an alleged robbery attempt at a New York recording studio. He was later convicted of sixual assault. In 1996, he was sent to prison for violating probation and for failure to complete his mandated community service.
Before his death, Shakur was also the defendant in a couple of civil lawsuits. When Ronald Ray Howard shot a Texas state trooper to death after listening to Shakur’s songs in 1993, the trooper’s widow filed suit against Shakur for manufacturing and distributing music that allegedly incited “imminent lawless action.” In October 1994, two 17-year-old kids in Milwaukee killed a police officer in a sniper attack after claiming they had been “geeked up” by Shakur’s music.
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(http://i57.tinypic.com/ogi1bq.jpg)
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was a culmination of skirmishes that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between Pakistan and India.
This war started following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against rule by India. India retaliated by launching a full-scale military attack on West Pakistan. The seventeen-day war caused thousands of casualties on both sides and also witnessed the largest tank battle since World War II. The hostilities between the two countries ended after a ceasefire was declared following diplomatic intervention by the Soviet Union and USA and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration.[16] Both India and Pakistan claimed victory. However, most neutral assessments agree that India had the upper hand over Pakistan when ceasefire was declared
until now nga may tensyon pa din ang magkapitbahay na mga bansa na yan at ang nakaka-takot sa ngayon, pareho na silang nuclear capable. :peace:
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double jeopardy na yan Sir Tonistork...kanya kanyang political agenda kanya kanyang propaganda...iisa lang naman ang kawawa dyan. Mga civilians na walang muwang at walang kalaban laban...
thanks for commenting Sir! :P :P :P
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September 10, 1763: Gabriela Silang fought valiantly against the Spaniards...
(http://kahimyang.info/resources/xgabriela-silang-2.jpg.pagespeed.ic.W5muLCu7jN.jpg)
On September 10, 1763, Maria Josefa Gabriela Cariño Silang also known as Gabriela Silang, fought valiantly against the Spaniards in Vigan, Ilocos Sur.
Gabriela took over the battle of her husband, Diego Silang, leader of the Filipino rebels in the Ilocos, who was betrayed by a close friend and was assassinated on May 28, 1763 by order of royal and church authorities in Manila.
After her husband's death, Gabriela fled on horseback to the mountains of Abra to establish her headquarters and reassemble her troops.
For four months, she led the Filipino rebels and marched with her followers to take Vigan on September 10, 1763, but the Spanish stronghold there was expecting them and her army was ambushed. Thus many of them were killed.
She escaped with her uncle Nicolas and seven others but were later arrested and summarily hanged on September 29, 1763 at Vigan's plaza, with her being the last to die.
credits to Philippine News Agency
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(http://historynet.com/images/0910_l.jpg)
On September 10, 1813, American Captain Oliver Hazard Perry led his home-built 10-vessel fleet to victory against a six-vessel British squadron commanded by Captain Robert H. Barclay in the Battle of Lake Erie. Perry’s triumph, marked by his legendary message to General William Henry Harrison, ‘We have met the enemy and they are ours,’ was of great strategic value for the United States because it ensured American control of the Northwest Territory. During the battle, Perry left his badly damaged Lawrence and transferred his motto flag, reading, ‘Don’t Give Up the Ship,’ to Niagara. From there he continued the fight.
~credits to the source
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Unforgettable Dates in World History...
??? ??? ???
let's start with...
September 11, 2001
(http://static.topyaps.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/9-11-attacks.jpg)
It's a date that changed the world, prompting the ongoing war on terror and ushering in a decade of heightened security and increasing Islamophobia around the world. The attacks on New York City's World Trade Center, the Pentagon and United Flight 93 claimed the lives of nearly 3,000 people. The effects of that day continue to play out in everything from the way people are screened at airports to the U.S. wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Next year will mark the 10th anniversary of the attacks, by which time officials claim a memorial at Ground Zero should finally be complete.
quoted from the first post of this thread...
9/11 ATTACKS...
On September 11, 2001, 19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda hijacked four airliners and carried out suicide attacks against targets in the United States. Two of the planes were flown into the towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, a third plane hit the Pentagon just outside Washington, D.C., and the fourth plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania. Often referred to as 9/11, the attacks resulted in extensive death and destruction, triggering major U.S. initiatives to combat terrorism and defining the presidency of George W. Bush. Over 3,000 people were killed during the attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C., including more than 400 police officers and firefighters.
On September 11, 2001, at 8:45 a.m. on a clear Tuesday morning, an American Airlines Boeing 767 loaded with 20,000 gallons of jet fuel crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. The impact left a gaping, burning hole near the 80th floor of the 110-story skyscraper, instantly killing hundreds of people and trapping hundreds more in higher floors. As the evacuation of the tower and its twin got underway, television cameras broadcasted live images of what initially appeared to be a freak accident. Then, 18 minutes after the first plane hit, a second Boeing 767–United Airlines Flight 175–appeared out of the sky, turned sharply toward the World Trade Center and sliced into the south tower near the 60th floor. The collision caused a massive explosion that showered burning debris over surrounding buildings and the streets below. America was under attack.
September 11, 2001, was the deadliest day in history for New York City firefighters: 343 were killed...
The attackers were Islamic terrorists from Saudi Arabia and several other Arab nations. Reportedly financed by Saudi fugitive Osama bin Laden’s al-Qaeda terrorist organization, they were allegedly acting in retaliation for America’s support of Israel, its involvement in the Persian Gulf War and its continued military presence in the Middle East. Some of the terrorists had lived in the United States for more than a year and had taken flying lessons at American commercial flight schools. Others had slipped into the country in the months before September 11 and acted as the “muscle” in the operation. The 19 terrorists easily smuggled box-cutters and knives through security at three East Coast airports and boarded four flights bound for California, chosen because the planes were loaded with fuel for the long transcontinental journey. Soon after takeoff, the terrorists commandeered the four planes and took the controls, transforming ordinary commuter jets into guided missiles.
As millions watched the events unfolding in New York, American Airlines Flight 77 circled over downtown Washington, D.C., and slammed into the west side of the Pentagon military headquarters at 9:45 a.m. Jet fuel from the Boeing 757 caused a devastating inferno that led to the structural collapse of a portion of the giant concrete building. All told, 125 military personnel and civilians were killed in the Pentagon, along with all 64 people aboard the airliner.
Less than 15 minutes after the terrorists struck the nerve center of the U.S. military, the horror in New York took a catastrophic turn for the worse when the south tower of the World Trade Center collapsed in a massive cloud of dust and smoke. The structural steel of the skyscraper, built to withstand winds in excess of 200 miles per hour and a large conventional fire, could not withstand the tremendous heat generated by the burning jet fuel. At 10:30 a.m., the other Trade Center tower collapsed. Close to 3,000 people died in the World Trade Center and its vicinity, including a staggering 343 firefighters and paramedics, 23 New York City police officers and 37 Port Authority police officers who were struggling to complete an evacuation of the buildings and save the office workers trapped on higher floors. Only six people in the World Trade Center towers at the time of their collapse survived. Almost 10,000 others were treated for injuries, many severe.
Meanwhile, a fourth California-bound plane–United Flight 93–was hijacked about 40 minutes after leaving Newark International Airport in New Jersey. Because the plane had been delayed in taking off, passengers on board learned of events in New York and Washington via cell phone and Airfone calls to the ground. Knowing that the aircraft was not returning to an airport as the hijackers claimed, a group of passengers and flight attendants planned an insurrection. One of the passengers, Thomas Burnett Jr., told his wife over the phone that “I know we’re all going to die. There’s three of us who are going to do something about it. I love you, honey.” Another passenger–Todd Beamer–was heard saying “Are you guys ready? Let’s roll” over an open line. Sandy Bradshaw, a flight attendant, called her husband and explained that she had slipped into a galley and was filling pitchers with boiling water. Her last words to him were “Everyone’s running to first class. I’ve got to go. Bye.”
The passengers fought the four hijackers and are suspected to have attacked the cockpit with a fire extinguisher. The plane then flipped over and sped toward the ground at upwards of 500 miles per hour, crashing in a rural field in western Pennsylvania at 10:10 a.m. All 45 people aboard were killed. Its intended target is not known, but theories include the White House, the U.S. Capitol, the Camp David presidential retreat in Maryland or one of several nuclear power plants along the eastern seaboard.
At 7 p.m., President George W. Bush, who had spent the day being shuttled around the country because of security concerns, returned to the White House. At 9 p.m., he delivered a televised address from the Oval Office, declaring, “Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve.” In a reference to the eventual U.S. military response he declared, “We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harbor them.”
Operation Enduring Freedom, the American-led international effort to oust the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and destroy Osama bin Laden’s terrorist network based there, began on October 7. Within two months, U.S. forces had effectively removed the Taliban from operational power, but the war continued, as U.S. and coalition forces attempted to defeat a Taliban insurgency campaign based in neighboring Pakistan. Osama bin Laden, the mastermind behind the September 11th attacks, remained at large until May 2, 2011, when he was finally tracked down and killed by U.S. forces at a hideout in Abbottabad, Pakistan. In June 2011, President Barack Obama announced the beginning of large-scale troop withdrawals from Afghanistan, with a final withdrawal of U.S. forces tentatively scheduled for 2014.
(http://victorygirlsblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/september-11-2001-911-ground-zero-twin-towers-15.jpg)
(http://waipittsburgh2011.files.pinoytambay.com/2011/08/september11.jpg)
(http://www.patriotdude.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/september-11-2001-911-ground-zero-twin-towers-23.jpg)
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who would forget that fateful day? that day the world came face to face with almost total distraction...loved ones taken away from their families all so sudden and with no assurance kung makikita at kung buhay pa sila...? what happend in Ground Zero will forever be etched in our memory.No citizen of any country can ignore the insurmountable despair and painful experience of that disastrous day in history.
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September 12, 2001: US Declares War on Terror...
::) ::) ::) :'( :'( :'(
(http://i.ytimg.com/vi/BQAeeimx3S4/maxresdefault.jpg)
(https://publicintelligence.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/WTC-Debrie2083.jpg)
The President of the United States has described the destruction caused in New York and Washington as an act of war against all freedom-loving people.
In a statement broadcast at 1053 local time (1553 BST), George Bush vowed the US would use all its resources to avenge the worst-ever attacks on American soil.
But he warned an angry and wounded nation they would have to be patient and said any action could be a monumental struggle.
The president has also been seeking the backing of world leaders for an international campaign against terrorism.
As the estimated number of dead rose into the thousands the day after the tragedy, members of the US government began talking openly of war.
US Secretary of State Colin Powell said: "It isn't going to be solved with a single counter-attack against one individual, it's going to be a long term conflict."
Expressions of support have come quickly from American allies, and also from countries not known for their sympathy with the US - the leaders of Libya and Palestine both condemned the attacks in the strongest terms.
Only Iraq has endorsed the atrocity, saying the attacks were a "lesson for all tyrants and oppressors" and the fruit of American crimes.
Tony Blair offered the unequivocal backing of the UK, echoing President Bush's words in his press conference announcing the recall of Parliament.
"I don't think there is any doubt at all that this threat is aimed at the whole democratic world," the prime minister told reporters.
"The US has been singled out... But these terrorists will regard us all as targets."
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(http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/publicdomain/siegeofconstantinople.gif)
Turkey 1922 Turkey Constantinople Wednesday, 13th Sept. 1922 : Following the Turkish Victory in Constantinople, crowds have taken to the streets and are attacking Greek churches and homes and destroying them . The Turkish troops have been dispatched to keep order. The spread of Typhus and the Plague are now reaching epidemic proportions but authorities are insisting they do no not wish aid in the form of medical assistance from neighboring countries.
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;D ;D ;D
September 15, 1898: the Malolos Congress convened in Barasoain Church in Malolos...
(http://kahimyang.info/resources/malolos_congress.jpg)
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On September 15, 1898, the Malolos Congress opened in Barasoain Church with 95 delegates from various parts of the country gathered to begin the national convention of the Philippine revolutionary government.
Pedro A. Paterno was elected President of Congress. The man whom the revolutionists had so satirically admonished for his leaning towards Spanish sovereignty less than 4 months before, was chosen to guide the political destinies of this budding democracy and preside over their republican legislative body.
Benito Legarda and Pablo Ocampo were chosen to be Vice-President and Secretary respectively.
Election of the Malolos Congress delegates was held between June 23 and September 10 following the declaration of independence from Spain on June 12, 1898 at Kawit, Cavite, and the transformation of the dictatorial government to a revolutionary government on June 23.
On September 29, the "June 12 Declaration of independence" was ratified. The congress then drafted a Constitution, a decision which was opposed by Apolinario Mabini, the Prime Minister of the revolutionary government or President of the Council of Government.
The resulting Malolos Constitution was ratified on November 29, 1898, signed into law on December 23, approved on January 20, 1899, sanctioned by President Emilio Aguinaldo on January 21, and promulgated on January 22 1899.
ps: this day also is a ~happy Fifteen~... day! :peace: :-*
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Today in Philippine History September 16, 1807, the Basi Revolt broke out in Piddig, Ilocos Norte
On September 16, 1807, the Basi Revolt, also known as the Ambaristo Revolt, broke out in Piddig, Ilocos Norte, arising from the Spanish rulers' banning of the private manufacture of the local wine called "basi".
As Ilocanos were forced to buy from government stores, wine-loving Ilocanos, led by Salarogo Ambaristo and Pedro Mateo, rose in revolt, which later spread to nearby towns.
Spanish troops eventually quelled the revolt on September 28, 1807.
"Basi" is the local beverage of the Ilocos, where it has been consumed even before the Spanish conquest.
Notably, in San Ildefonso town in Ilocos Sur, a non-working holiday is declared every September 16 in commemoration of the Basi Revolt. In nearby Naguilian, La Union, a Basi Festival is held annually.
Source: Philippine News Agency archives
offtopic:
...may kasabay pala ang happy fifteen ha, thanks Sir for sharing that info about the Barasoin Church... :P :P :P :P
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It only proves na makikipagpatayan ang mga ilokano pagdating sa alak (basi), he he he. . pagbawalan ba naman ng mga espanyol eh buti sana kung may emperador na noon. :))
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On this day, September 16, 1932, in his cell at Yerovda Jail near Bombay, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi begins a hunger strike in protest of the British government’s decision to separate India’s electoral system by caste.
A leader in the Indian campaign for home rule, Gandhi worked all his life to spread his own brand of passive resistance across India and the world. By 1920, his concept of Satyagraha (or “insistence upon truth”) had made Gandhi an enormously influential figure for millions of followers. Jailed by the British government from 1922-24, he withdrew from political action for a time during the 1920s but in 1930 returned with a new civil disobedience campaign. This landed Gandhi in prison again, but only briefly, as the British made concessions to his demands and invited him to represent the Indian National Congress Party at a round-table conference in London.
After his return to India in January 1932, Gandhi wasted no time beginning another civil disobedience campaign, for which he was jailed yet again. Eight months later, Gandhi announced he was beginning a “fast unto death” in order to protest British support of a new Indian constitution, which gave the country’s lowest classes–known as “untouchables”–their own separate political representation for a period of 70 years. Gandhi believed this would permanently and unfairly divide India’s social classes. A member of the more powerful Vaisya, or merchant caste, Gandhi nonetheless advocated the emancipation of the untouchables, whom he called Harijans, or “Children of God.”
“This is a god-given opportunity that has come to me,” Gandhi said from his prison cell at Yerovda, “to offer my life as a final sacrifice to the downtrodden.” Though other public figures in India–including Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambdekar, the official political representative of the untouchables–had questioned Gandhi’s true commitment to the lower classes, his six-day fast ended after the British government accepted the principal terms of a settlement between higher caste Indians and the untouchables that reversed the separation decision.
As India slowly moved towards independence, Gandhi’s influence only grew. He continued to resort to the hunger strike as a method of resistance, knowing the British government would not be able to withstand the pressure of the public’s concern for the man they called Mahatma, or “Great Soul.” On January 12, 1948, Gandhi undertook his last successful fast in New Delhi, to persuade Hindus and Muslims in that city to work toward peace. On January 30, less than two weeks after breaking that fast, he was assassinated by a Hindu extremist on his way to an evening prayer meeting.
~credits to the source
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offtopic:
...may kasabay pala ang happy fifteen ha, thanks Sir for sharing that info about the Barasoain Church... :P :P :P :P
eh kasi nga miss Schy...Barasoain Church = 15 din... :-[ :-[ :-[
September 18, 1891: Dr. Jose Rizal's El Filibusterismo was published in Ghent, Belgium
(http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BSxsWaSY09Y/UjhYHt3HIAI/AAAAAAAAAZM/67tig9sN1Xg/s1600/2517662423_68c53f6375_z.jpg)
On September 18, 1891, the second novel of Dr. Jose Rizal, El Filibusterismo (Reign of Greed), written in Spanish and a sequel to Noli Me Tangere, was published in Ghent, Belgium.
Rizal, who began writing El Filibusterismo in October 1887 in Calamba, Laguna, revised some chapters while he was in London and completed the book on March 29, 1891.
Rizal wrote El Filibusterismo in dedication to the three martyred priests Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, expressing conviction that their treatment and deaths at the hands of the Spanish authorities was unjust.
Plots are poles apart compared with Noli Me Tangere, where people were encouraged to ask and aspire for change and liberation, in El Filibusterismo, Rizal urged the society to open its eyes to reality and rebel against the Spanish government for its oppression and abuse.
In Noli Me Tangere, there is aspiration, beauty, romance, and mercy. In El Filibusterismo, readers will feel is bitterness, hatred, and antipathy. The romance and aspirations are gone. Even the characters' personalities seem to have undergone radical change.
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correct... el fili was meant to arouse the sentiments of the populace to stand up and fight for their rights against tyranny and oppression...
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September 19, 1985: Mexico Suffers Devastating Earthquake...
(http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTByBC4wsPOCjrPzk6ADZ5mPIvXwVia1xVBTgCEOj5WO7rZs67Ozw)
(http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQBWeiZS-ZSGTE3A9Zz_jHgohiiaAjTs1IETAgRkKlf6Rnj3dUDlA)
A massive earthquake has hit Mexico not far from its capital, Mexico City, causing untold casualties and widespread damage.
Officials say at least 170 people have been killed and thousands injured, but it is feared the death toll may rise into the thousands.
The quake hit the west coast near the resort town of Acapulco early this morning, and was measured by the US Geological Survey at a magnitude of 7.8.
It lasted for 50 seconds, and devastated three states on the Pacific coast.
"A part of a mountain just slid away, falling on the peasants who were just getting up to go to work," said Lieutenant Manuel Sanchez, from the fire department's headquarters in the state of Jalisco.
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October 3, 1900: Mabini was released from prison upon orders of the American authorities
:-\ :-\ :-\ :lr: :lr: :lr:
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On October 3, 1900, Apolinario Mabini, the "Brains of the Revolution”, who was captured by American soldiers in Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija in December, 1899, was released from imprisonment at the Anda Jail upon orders of the American authorities.
He went on live in Nagtahan.
Destitute and unemployed, Mabini was supported by his friends, Drs. Isidro de Santos and Aquilino Calvo.
The following year, Mabini would be re-arrested and deported to Guam along with other leaders of the revolution.
credit to: Pambansang Komisyong Pangkasaysayan
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October 7, 1506 Pope Julius II and France occupy Bologna.
The Fearsome Pope
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Pope_Julius_II.jpg/220px-Pope_Julius_II.jpg)
The warlike Julius II personally directed the campaign against both, setting out at the head of his army on 26 August, 1506. Perugia surrendered without any bloodshed on 13 September, and the pope proceeded towards Bologna. On 7 October he issued a Bill deposing and excommunicating Giovanni Bentivoglio and placing the city under interdict. Bentivoglio fled, and Julius II entered Bologna triumphantly on 10 November.
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October 8, 1871: Great Chicago Fire Begins...
:'( :'( :'( :hilo: :hilo: :hilo:
(http://www.history.com/s3static/video-thumbnails/AETN-History_VMS/21/206/tdih-oct08-HD_still_624x352.jpg)
On this day in 1871, flames spark in the Chicago barn of Patrick and Catherine O’Leary, igniting a two-day blaze that kills between 200 and 300 people, destroys 17,450 buildings, leaves 100,000 homeless and causes an estimated $200 million (in 1871 dollars; $3 billion in 2007 dollars) in damages. Legend has it that a cow kicked over a lantern in the O’Leary barn and started the fire, but other theories hold that humans or even a comet may have been responsible for the event that left four square miles of the Windy City, including its business district, in ruins. Dry weather and an abundance of wooden buildings, streets and sidewalks made Chicago vulnerable to fire. The city averaged two fires per day in 1870; there were 20 fires throughout Chicago the week before the Great Fire of 1871.
Despite the fire’s devastation, much of Chicago’s physical infrastructure, including its water, sewage and transportation systems, remained intact. Reconstruction efforts began quickly and spurred great economic development and population growth, as architects laid the foundation for a modern city featuring the world’s first skyscrapers. At the time of the fire, Chicago’s population was approximately 324,000; within nine years, there were 500,000 Chicagoans. By 1893, the city was a major economic and transportation hub with an estimated population of 1.5 million. That same year, Chicago was chosen to host the World’s Columbian Exposition, a major tourist attraction visited by 27.5 million people, or approximately half the U.S. population at the time.
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(http://www.newhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Che-Guevara.jpg)
On this day in 1967, socialist revolutionary and guerilla leader Che Guevara, age 39, is killed by the Bolivian army. The U.S.-military-backed Bolivian forces captured Guevara on October 8 while battling his band of guerillas in Bolivia and assassinated him the following day. His hands were cut off as proof of death and his body was buried in an unmarked grave. In 1997, Guevara’s remains were found and sent back to Cuba, where they were reburied in a ceremony attended by President Fidel Castro and thousands of Cubans.
Ernesto Rafael Guevara de la Serna was born to a well-off family in Argentina in 1928. While studying medicine at the University of Buenos Aires, he took time off to travel around South America on a motorcycle; during this time, he witnessed the poverty and oppression of the lower classes. He received a medical degree in 1953 and continued his travels around Latin America, becoming involved with left-wing organizations. In the mid 1950s, Guevara met up with Fidel Castro and his group of exiled revolutionaries in Mexico. Guevara played a key role in Castro’s seizure of power from Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 and later served as Castro’s right-hand man and minister of industry. Guevara strongly opposed U.S. domination in Latin America and advocated peasant-based revolutions to combat social injustice in Third World countries. Castro later described him as “an artist of revolutionary warfare.”
Guevara resigned—some say he was dismissed—from his Cuban government post in April 1965, possibly over differences with Castro about the nation’s economic and foreign policies. Guevara then disappeared from Cuba, traveled to Africa and eventually resurfaced in Bolivia, where he was killed. Following his death, Guevara achieved hero status among people around the world as a symbol of anti-imperialism and revolution. A 1960 photo taken by Alberto Korda of Guevara in a beret became iconic and has since appeared on countless posters and T-shirts. However, not everyone considers Guevara a hero: He is accused, among other things, of ordering the deaths of hundreds of people in Cuban prisons during the revolution.
~"The revolution is not an apple that falls when it is ripe. You have to make it fall.
Silence is argument carried out by other means.
I know you are here to kill me. Shoot, coward, you are only going to kill a man."
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now i know who che guevarra is... i am always curious on why his face appears on shirts and other items.. thanks for sharing mam @Schy :)
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October 11, 1898: The Manila Times was Founded...
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(http://kahimyang.info/resources/xthe-manila-times.jpg.pagespeed.ic.R3T30u4iRf.jpg)
On October 11, 1898, The Manila Times, the first daily newspaper in the Philippines, was founded by Thomas Gowan.
The Manila Times was published to meet the demand of an American paper in Manila, demand mainly from men of the United States Army who had occupied Manila.
The newspaper was founded shortly after the news that the Treaty of Paris would be signed, ending the Spanish American War and transferring the Philippines from Spanish to American sovereignty. The treaty of Paris was signed on December 10, 1898.
Gowan hired a small printing press, Chofre y Compania, to put up the paper. The printing press was located on Calle Alix, now Legarda Street, in Sampaloc, Manila. The paper, however, had a downtown office on the Escolta.
The first issue of The Manila Times had a sheet of two leaves, or four pages, measuring about 12 by 8 inches, each page divided into two columns. The first editorial read:
"Since the United States forces have been in the Philippines, there has been a keen demand for an American newspaper here with a daily supply of American news. Several schemes have been talked about, but we have come to nothing. We have not talked about The Manila Times but we have been working, and hoped to complete the arrangements in a few days. Now we have the news of such importance that we feel compelled to publish it promptly, instead of holding it back until completion of our plans. The Manila public will readily see that news in this issue [is] of such a nature as to demand immediate publication, and to excuse defects in the manner of publishing. What The manila times lacks in quantity, it makes up in quality, today at any rate. We have made arrangements for a daily service of telegrams from the United States, and we undertake to continue that as long as the public desires. We cannot guarantee to provide as great a piece of news each day as we give today, for Paris Conferences do not sit often, and the United States does not acquire territories every day."
Before The Manila Times was born, several native newspaper were already in existence in the Philippines written in Spanish, and most of them were nationalistic and revolutionary.
In 1899, Gowan sold The Manila Times to George Sellner, who at that time was its business manager. Sellner would later sell the Times to a group of American businessmen in 1902 but reacquired it three years later. Again, in 1907 Sellner sold the paper to Thomas C. Kinney, who incorporated the Times Co., with a board of directors composed of American and British businessmen. During this period R. McCulloch Dick, a British sailor who came to Manila with the United States Navy and had some newspaper experience, was appointed editor of The Manila Times. Dick later acquired the Philippines Free Press, a weekly founded by Judge W.H. Kincaid in 1907.
On July 25, 1914, The Manila Times moved from the Escolta to its new offices at the Cosmopolitan Building, formerly the Metropolitan HOTEL. With its transfer to a new site the Times modernized its equipment, getting Linotypes of the latest models, the only ones of their kind then in the Orient. The use of the new machinery necessitated laying off 27 of the 35 printers, mostly hand typesetters, who had been with the paper since its founding some 16 years earlier.
In 1918 the Filipino employees of The Manila Times called an all-out strike. The Filipino press had accused the Times of misrepresenting the Filipinos in order to prejudice the minds of a party of American Congressmen, which was then about to visit the Philippines, against granting of independence. Smarting from the attempts at misrepresentation, the reporters and printers of the paper, who were all Filipinos, declared a general walkout.
Carlos P. Romulo, then a Times reporter, was reported to be the leader of the strike, but the belief had gained credence at the time that the movement had been inspired by Manuel L. Quezon and other Filipino political leaders. The belief was later supported by two salient facts:
Some of the strikers were given temporary jobs in the office of Senate President Quezon, and
The purchase by Quezon himself of The Manila Times. Not long after the strike Romulo became one of the secretaries of Quezon, together with an aspiring young politician named Elpidio Quirino.
In association with a group of Filipino businessmen Quezon bought The Manila Times lock, stock and barrel. He wanted a militant Filipino organ of public opinion, and he thought that the Times would suit his purpose. Under his ownership the paper was staffed mostly by Filipinos. This followed the pattern set by his close friend, Governor-General Francis Burton Harrison, of Filipinizing the government.
Quezon, realizing that publishing and politics did not mix well, sold the Times to George H. Fairchild in 1921. Fairchild, a former Hawaiian senator, was then engaged in promoting the Philippine sugar industry. The new owner supervised the business as well as the editorial policies of the paper, and was naturally partial to news bearing on the sugar industry. The paper under Fairchild was generally believed to have become intensely pro-American and anti-Filipino in its politics. It took on the role of spokesman for American business and politics in the Philippines.
In 1926 Fairchild sold The Times to Jacob Rosenthal, a BUSINESSMAN who was engaged in the importation and manufacture of shoes.
On December 10, 1928, the Cosmopolitan Building, in which the Times had been housed for nearly two decades, burned down. Rosenthal, who had learned to consider the paper a sort of white elephant, gladly collected the insurance and sold the paper's name and goodwill to the Tribune-Vanguardia-Taliba (T-V-T) papers through D.H. Thibault, general manager of the T-V-T publications of Don Alejandro Roces Sr.
On February 15, 1930, Thibault announced that The Manila Times would discontinue publication on March 15, 1930. On March 14 the Times' "Swan Song" editorial appeared. On that date The Times closed after an uninterrupted existence of nearly 32 years, which covered a period of great political changes not only in the Philippines but throughout the Far East.
The second epoch in the history of The Manila Times began 15 years after its discontinuance in 1930. When Second World War was still in its mopping-up stage, the heirs of Don Alejandro Roces Sr., who died during the Japanese occupation along with his eldest son Alejandro Jr., met together and decided to revive the business their father had founded. The printing plant of one of them had not been destroyed by the war. A newspaper could be printed there if newsprint were available. Accordingly, arrangements were made for a supply of newsprint.
In the meantime, the owners of the paper dropped the T-V-T name and formed a corporation under the title of "The Manila Times Publishing Co., Inc."
The first issue of the paper on May 27, 1945, carried the name "The Sunday Times", and it was only a small folded sheet of the ordinary tabloid size reminiscent of the dimensions of the first issue of The Manila Times on October 11, 1898. Then as The Times approached normalcy The Sunday Times increased its pages. In the meantime the circulation was getting larger, and it became evident that The Sunday Times alone would not adequately supply the demand of the reading public. So on September 5, 1945, the first daily issue of The Manila Times reappeared on the streets of Manila.
Among the first staff members of the postwar Times were Jose P. Bautista, prewar editor of The Tribune, Jose Luna Castro and Emilio Aguilar Cruz, staff members of the prewar Graphic, Vicente J. Guzman, formerly of the Bulletin staff, Luis Serrano, Crispin Gonzales, Anatolio Litonjua, Andres B. Callanta, Jose L. Guevara, Benjamin Osias and Zosimo Resurreccion. Among those who served as society editor were Jim Austria, Carole Guerrero, Rosario Delgado, Jovita Rodas, Estrella Alfon, Cita Trinidad and Consuelo G. Abaya.
Later a teenager joined the Times as a cub reporter, covering the police and miscellaneous beats. He made such a good showing that the editor of the paper decided to send him to Korea as its correspondent. His dispatches from the Korean battlefront were quite creditable, coming as they did from the actual firing line assigned to the Filipino contingent. He was wounded in Korea and had to be sent back to the Philippines. He was later assigned to the army beat.
This young man was Benigno Aquino Jr.
Another Times staffer who attained eminence in public life was Mrs. Maria Kalaw-Katigbak. She was a columnist of the paper before she went into politics. Her column was highly appreciated by the reading public, especially by women whose views and opinions generally found expression in the column.
When President Ferdinand Marcos imposed martial law throughout the country, The Manila Times was one of the media organizations closed down by the authoritarian government. It was to remain closed down for the next 14 years. During the Martial Law era, its presses printed issues of The Times Journal, carrying the same format but focused much on the events related and accepted by the Marcos administration. The Times Journal was then under the patronage of the government, using the Manila Times buildings and machinery as theirs.
On February 5, 1986, days before Edsa I that ousted Marcos, the Roces family (the Ramon Roces group) revived The Manila Times, but 3 years after its rebirth, the Roces family, citing FINANCIALdeath, sold the paper to the business tycoon John Gokongwei.
During the Joseph Estrada presidency, The Manila Times was sued over a published story calling the former movie actor an "unwitting godfather" to a supposed fraudulent deal, for P101 million. Terrorized by Estrada's wrath, the Gokongweis were forced to apologize to stop him from harassing them on their alleged tax problems. The printed apology prompted Estrada to withdraw the libel case. The Times publisher Ermin Garcia Jr. pointed out that the paper did not retract the story that drew Estrada's ire.
On July 23, 1999, The Manila Times closed up. The 180 employees of the Times mourned the demise of the paper which had been critical of the Estrada administration. In an earlier interview, the editor in chief, Malou Mangahas, said the purchase of the paper by a group headed by the BUSINESSMAN Reghis Romero III was part of an effort to stifle newspapers that were critical of the government.
Months before the Times' closure, Mark Jimenez, a close associate of Estrada's, expressed interest in buying the newspaper, but wanted his ownership to remain undisclosed. Jimenez's wish to be an unidentified buyer would be granted. From October 11 until November, the Times was operating under its supposed owner, Reghis Romero, who reportedly fronted on Jimenez's behalf. However, in the months to follow, disclosures from within Estrada's inner circle revealed that Jimenez had indeed bought The Manila Times.
On August 8, 2001, Jimenez sold Times to Dante A. Ang.
Today, The Manila Times serves as one of largest newspaper in the Philippines in terms of circulation.
Sources:
Philippine News Agency archives
The Manila Times, Project Gutenberg Self Publishing Press
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nice story... so the manila times died, was resurrected, died a second time around and then was again raised up... you just can't put a good thing down for good.... thank you for sharing sir @carlo1225 :)
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nice story... so the manila times died, was resurrected, died a second time around and then was again raised up... you just can't put a good thing down for good.... thank you for sharing sir @carlo1225 :)
ganun na nga tol naruto, nice summary hehe! :suka3:
October 13, 1976: Bolivian plane crashes in Santa Cruz...
(http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/images/40169000/jpg/_40169470_boliviacrash_ap_238.jpg)
A chartered cargo plane has killed at least 100 people after it smashed into a busy street in Santa Cruz, a city in the west of Bolivia.
The Boeing 707 ploughed into buildings in the city's main avenue and crashed into young footballers playing at a ground close to the runway.
The incident is feared to have claimed the lives of the plane's three American crew as well as scores of civilians on the ground.
Reports suggest the Lloyd Aereo Boliviano jet lost power from one of its four engines soon after taking off from Santa Cruz airport at 1330 local time.
Worst disaster
Officials say it was the worst aviation disaster in the history of this South American country.
A Bolivian Air Force officer said: "People at the scene said they heard an explosion before it fell and saw fire in one of the motors on the left wing."
According to observers, the aircraft shaved the tops of trees and demolished a corner off a primary school.
The wreckage then ploughed into a shop killing a queue of people waiting to buy paraffin.
It finally crashed into a practice field outside a municipal football stadium where two teams were playing.
Several spectators were killed and eight boys in the changing room at the time of the impact were suffocated by smoke from the burning wreckage.
An eyewitness said: "All those people were destroyed, burned and mutilated. It was like a scene from Dante."
At least 100 Bolivians are in hospital getting treatment according to a government spokesman.
The plane was owned by Jet Power Inc of Miami Florida and chartered by the national airline Lloyd Aereo Boliviano.
The Boeing 707 had delivered oil well machinery and other cargo from Houston, Texas to Santa Cruz before its last fatal journey.
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https://youtu.be/arP6VLkAWqM (https://youtu.be/arP6VLkAWqM)
The Day Beatlemania Was Born
When the Beatles took the stage on Oct. 13, 1963, to perform on the variety show Sunday Night at the London Palladium, they were four lads armed with the simple tools of their early classics: a bass, two guitars and a drum kit.
The psychedelia, the massive studio productions, the brilliance and adoration, suspicion and disintegration — those were years away. In this moment, cited widely as the birth of Beatlemania, it was simply John, Paul, George and Ringo, setting their homeland on fire.
The Beatles’ first smash single in the U.K., “Please Please Me,” hit No. 1 on the chart in early 1963; a full-length LP of the same name was released in March. “From Me to You” and “She Loves You” came next. When the Fabs appeared on the Palladium telecast, they had already completed three tours of the U.K. that year; a fourth would begin on Nov. 1.
In other words, this was a country primed to explode with mania over these four guys. It was the insanity surrounding this single TV appearance that brought the group fully to the attention of the national media and inspired newspapers to invent the term “Beatlemania” to describe this phenomenon. It was unique at the time, mobs of teenage girls filling the streets and caterwauling on Sunday night television over a pop group. Since then, we’ve seen everyone from Leif Garrett to Justin Bieber inspire similar squeals; it all began in London on this day.
You can find the full performance on YouTube (or at least the audio), and it’s like a strange transmission from another planet. There’s the constant buzz of teenage screams over everything, then what sounds like cavemen beating on rocks to the ear of a modern listener. There’s the brute force of hard-earned experience in their licks and riffs, honed playing multi-hour sets in the rock clubs of Hamburg, Germany.
The Beatles weren’t innovators in 1963, though they soon would be. They were using the same building blocks that birthed Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley and rock ‘n’ roll pioneers who influenced them. It was the blues, soul, gospel, and a sprinkle of pop showmanship for extra added spice. Still, when the Beatles brought those ingredients together, something new emerged, something primal. It’s the sound of modern pop music being forcefully willed into existence.
~credits to the source
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February 25, 1986: Corazon Aquino is Philippines President...
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(http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/images/41310000/jpg/_41310048_aquino_238_ap.jpg)
Corazon Aquino governed the Philippines until 1992
The new Philippines president Corazon Aquino is sworn in today, bringing to an end years of dictatorship under Ferdinand Marcos.
Former leader Mr Marcos, who changed the constitution in 1973 to give himself absolute powers, was threatening to go ahead with his own swearing-in ceremony today at his heavily-guarded palace.
However, the United States, which has supported him in office since he was first elected in 1965 finally withdrew its backing three days ago.
Mrs Aquino, who will spend the day appointing her Cabinet, will make improving the lot of the poor one of her first priorities.
Exile in Hawaii
In her first news conference she announced that she would not be living in the presidential palace, as it was not fitting for the leader of such an impoverished nation.
She also urged the people to be patient, saying the problems inflicted by 20 years of Marcos's corrupt rule could not be remedied overnight.
Mr Marcos has been flown from Clark Air Force base, where he had been given temporary haven, into exile in Hawaii.
He had been accused of cheating during the elections on 7 February to deprive Mrs Aquino's party of victory.
Since then he has attempted to retain control by force. He announced a state of emergency and said he was seizing television and radio stations, newspapers and public utilities.
But two senior members of his government, Defence Minister Juan Ponce Enrile and chief of staff Lieutenant-General Fidel Ramos, announced on Saturday they were switching loyalties and backing Mrs Aquino as the country's president.
Mrs Aquino was persuaded to enter politics after her late husband, Benigno Aquino, was shot dead in 1983 when he returned to the Philippines from exile.
The assassination led to a period of political turmoil, which ended with the election of Mrs Aquino.
Vote rigging
Mr Enrile and General Ramos have come clean about their role in the government's corrupt attempts to rob Mrs Aquino of victory at the polls.
Mr Enrile confessed that his home district had been required to produce a quote of 350,000 spurious votes to window-dress the overall result.
General Ramos gave details of how Marcos had brazenly turned the armed forces into a political machine for his personal gain.
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March 4, 1975: Comic Genius Chaplin is Knighted...
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(http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/images/38874000/jpg/_38874033_charlie238.jpg)
Silent film legend Charlie Chaplin has become Sir Charles after a ceremony at Buckingham Palace.
The star of such films as The Kid and The Great Dictator was knighted in the New Year's Honours List.
The ceremony took place just miles from the south London district where he spent much of his childhood.
Sir Charles was accompanied to Buckingham Palace by his fourth wife, Oona, and the two youngest of his nine children.
The slapstick legend, famed for his acrobatic routines, received his knighthood, from a wheelchair.
It was a reflection of just how late in life - at the age of 85 - his honour had finally come.
'Dumbfounded'
As he was pushed into the hall where the ceremony was taking place the band struck up his signature tune, the theme from his 1951 film, Limelight.
He sat stiffly as the Queen tapped him on each shoulder and stooped to hang the KBE insignia around his neck.
The two then chatted briefly before Sir Charles was wheeled to the front of the hall to watch the rest of the ceremony.
Speaking to reporters afterwards Sir Charles said he had been "dumbfounded" by the occasion.
He said the Queen had thanked him for what he had done and that his films had helped her a great deal.
Sir Charles' knighthood follows years of calls for him to be honoured.
In the 1940s and 1950s he was accused of "communist sympathies" and vilified in his adopted home of the United States.
In 1952 his US visa was cancelled forcing Chaplin to relocate to Switzerland.
Three years ago, in what was seen as an act of contrition, he was awarded a special Oscar by the US' Academy of Motion Pictures.
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he was the epitome of a true comedian in his days... even the king of comedy here, dolphy emulated some of his facial expressions... :)
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he was the epitome of a true comedian in his days... even the king of comedy here, dolphy emulated some of his facial expressions... :)
sa madaling salita siya ang king of all kings of comedy tol...thanks sa pagdaan ;D
March 8, 2001: Donald Campbell's Speedboat Recovered...
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(http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/images/38871000/jpg/_38871177_bluebird238.jpg)
Bluebird was in Coniston Water for 34 years
Divers have raised the wreck of Donald Campbell's boat, Bluebird, from the bottom of Coniston Water in Cumbria.
The boat had lain there since the accident in 1967 which killed Campbell, 46, as he attempted to break the world water speed record.
The craft was winched to the surface after a three-hour operation to tow it to the lakeside from its resting place, 150 feet (45 metres) below the surface of the lake.
The quest to raise the boat was led by diver Bill Smith.
Mr Smith said he was glad they had reached the boat as there was always the risk that less scrupulous souvenir hunters could get there first.
"You can see now she's in a remarkable state of preservation and she'll not rot away to nothing now, she can be kept this way," he said.
Body never found
A crowd of more than 50 people gathered at the shore and saw the tail of Bluebird, emblazoned with a Union Jack, float to the surface aided by four orange air bags.
Campbell's widow Tonia Bern-Campbell flew from her home in America to witness the occasion.
Donald Campbell was trying to break his own water speed record of 276mph (429.87 km/h) on 4 January 1967, when the boat vaulted from the lake's surface.
It somersaulted repeatedly before crashing and sinking.
His body was never found and no remains have been discovered in the wreckage.
The Bluebird was discovered by enthusiasts late last year after a four-year hunt.
There were reportedly divisions among Campbell's family over whether it should be raised from its resting place.
Some family members wanted it left as a memorial to him.
The future of Bluebird is yet to be decided but she could be restored and put on display as a tribute to Donald Campbell.
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i would think he is sir @carlo1225.. he started the generation of comedians which entertained a lot of people in that generation... :)
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March 11, 2004: Many die as bombs destroy Madrid trains...
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(http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/images/40838000/jpg/_40838345_madridbomb238.jpg)
Early reports say two bombs exploded on an intercity train at Atocha station
At least 170 people have died and 500 have been injured as huge explosions tore through three Madrid train stations during the morning rush-hour.
Near simultaneous blasts hit Atocha station in the centre of the Spanish capital and two smaller stations, Santa Eugenia and El Pozo.
Early reports say that two bombs exploded on one intercity train as it pulled into Atocha station at 0730 local time.
Blasts were also believed to have taken place on two suburban trains on the rail line leading into the station. The government said there were four explosions altogether.
"I saw people with blood pouring from them, people on the ground"
Juani Fernandez, commuter
Juani Fernandez, 50, who was on a platform waiting for a train, said: "People started to scream and run, some bumping into each other. I saw people with blood pouring from them, people on the ground."
Paramedics have set up an emergency field hospital outside Atocha, which is a major railway station used by commuter, intercity and subway trains.
Madrid rescue services official Cesar Gomez said there was "a multitude" of injured at the station.
Emergency services are trying to rescue commuters trapped on the trains. Hospitals in the city have appealed for people to come forward to give blood.
A vast morgue has been set up in an exhibition hall and busloads of relatives are arriving to try to identify remains. Authorities have warned it is almost impossible to match body parts.
All trains in and out of the Spanish capital have been cancelled.
Spain's national telephone operator, Telefonica, has urged people to send text messages instead of making calls to take the pressure off the network, which has collapsed.
Eta suspected
No group has admitted carrying out the attacks but the Spanish government blames Basque separatist group Eta for the bombings, which come three days ahead of Spain's general election.
Campaigning for the election has been suspended for the time being.
"There is no doubt Eta is responsible," said Spain's interior minister Angel Acebes following an emergency cabinet meeting. "Eta had been looking for a massacre in Spain," Mr Acebes added.
Mr Acebes said there was no prior warning of the explosions.
The leader of one outlawed Basque party linked to Eta denied the Madrid bombings were the work of the separatist group. He suggested "Arab resistance" elements could be behind the attacks.
Some experts on Eta said the bombings did not fit the group's usual profile for attacks. Eta have frequently phoned warnings ahead of attacks in the past.
Police are reported to be hunting for two men seen jumping on and off trains further down the line from the sites where the explosions happened.
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i think until now, no one is claiming responsibility for the bombing... but evidence points out to the left wings of spain's populace...
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love to read this kind of threads naalaa ko tuloy itong madrid trains nag work pa ako sa dunkin donut as cashier nung mangyari ito.